Updates
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name:
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name: Jesličky
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rating: 10
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references:
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created_by: 8mag
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name: Duch Mirach
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rating: 7
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rating: 6
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references:
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created_by: 8mag
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created_date: 2020-09-23 20:52:05.554042
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updated_by: cassi
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updated_date: 2020-12-02 22:58:50.782870
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updated_by: skybber
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updated_date: 2022-02-04 20:55:36.302069
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---
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 Uvažuje se o ní jako o možném členu Místní skupiny galaxií, ale jeji zařazení není jisté.
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 Uvažuje se o ní jako o možném členu Místní skupiny galaxií, ale jeji zařazení není jisté.
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name:
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rating: 4
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rating: 6
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references:
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created_by: 8mag
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created_date: 2020-09-23 20:52:03.832210
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updated_by: 8mag
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updated_date: 2020-09-23 20:52:03.832232
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updated_by: skybber
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updated_date: 2022-02-04 22:36:42.980096
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name:
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rating: 1
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rating: 7
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references:
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created_by: skybber
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created_date: 2020-09-23 20:52:03.550602
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name:
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rating: 1
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rating: 6
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references:
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created_by: skybber
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created_date: 2020-09-23 20:52:05.241319
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created_by: skybber
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created_date: 2020-09-23 20:52:15.075508
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updated_by: skybber
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updated_date: 2020-09-23 20:52:15.075548
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updated_date: 2022-02-04 22:39:11.870969
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---
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202x, 6m5+
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202x, 6m5+
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Relativně plochá galaxie s dobře definovaným, téměř stelárním jádrem. Na SV a JZ nápadné uzly, z nichž jsou naznačeny slabá, krátká spirální ramena, ale nelze je sledovat po celé jejich délce.
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name:
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rating: 1
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rating: 7
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references:
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created_by: skybber
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created_date: 2020-09-23 20:52:02.998947
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name:
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rating: 1
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rating: 7
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references:
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created_by: skybber
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created_date: 2020-09-23 20:52:02.993600
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created_by: skybber
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created_date: 2020-09-23 20:52:11.653300
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updated_by: skybber
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updated_date: 2020-09-23 20:52:11.653332
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updated_date: 2022-02-04 22:37:55.920000
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---
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257x, 6m5+
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257x, 6m5+
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Velmi dobře ohraničená. 2 ramena, J rameno obtížné, vybíhá směrem k Z a opouští galaxie. S rameno se ohýbá více k V s jasnou oblastí přesně na V od jádra.
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name:
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rating: 1
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rating: 6
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references:
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created_by: skybber
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created_date: 2020-09-23 20:52:02.154121
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name:
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rating: 4
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rating: 6
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references:
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created_by: 8mag
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created_date: 2020-09-23 20:52:02.124566
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updated_by: 8mag
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updated_date: 2020-09-23 20:52:02.124601
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updated_by: skybber
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updated_date: 2022-02-04 22:36:18.219754
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name:
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rating: 6
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rating: 8
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references:
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created_by: 8mag
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created_date: 2020-09-23 20:52:01.975672
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name:
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rating: 8
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rating: 7
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references:
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created_by: 8mag
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created_date: 2020-09-23 20:52:01.841873
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name:
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rating: 6
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rating: 7
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references:
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created_by: 8mag
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created_date: 2020-09-23 20:52:04.732393
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updated_by: skybber
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updated_date: 2020-09-23 20:52:04.732414
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updated_date: 2022-02-04 20:55:25.135595
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---
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@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ name: Brisbane 14
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constellation: CrA
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created_by: 8mag
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created_date: 2020-09-23 20:52:23.766966
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updated_by: 8mag
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updated_date: 2020-09-23 20:52:23.767003
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updated_by: skybber
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updated_date: 2022-01-25 15:46:12.304981
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---
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dvojhvězda pozorovaná pouze 12' ZJZ od reflexní mlhoviny NGC 6726-27, jako téměř stejně jasný pár modrobílých složek 6,6mag a 6,8mag, který rozliší i malý dalekohled. Vzájemná vzdálenost složek je 12,7 ".
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dvojhvězda pozorovaná pouze 12' ZJZ od reflexní mlhoviny NGC 6726-27, jako téměř stejně jasný pár modrobílých složek 6,6mag a 6,8mag, který rozliší i malý dalekohled. Vzájemná vzdálenost složek je 12,7".
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name: Falošný kríž
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name: Falešný kríž
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constellation: Car
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created_by: 8mag
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created_date: 2020-09-23 20:52:22.143450
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updated_by: 8mag
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updated_date: 2020-09-23 20:52:22.143468
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updated_by: skybber
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updated_date: 2022-01-23 10:02:47.558111
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---
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čtveřice hvězd ι, ε Car a δ a κ Velorum tvoří na obloze písmeno X, které se často zaměňuje s hvězdami Jižního kříže. Falešný kříž je ale o něco větší, symetričtější a méně jasný. ε Car je pěknou dvojhvězdou rozlišitelný v menším dalekohledu. Tvoří ji dvě složky jasnosti 3mag a 6mag, od sebe vzdáleny 5 ".
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@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ name: Herschel 4423
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constellation: Cen
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created_by: 8mag
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created_date: 2020-09-23 20:52:21.666651
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updated_by: 8mag
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updated_date: 2020-09-23 20:52:21.666672
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updated_by: skybber
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updated_date: 2022-01-23 10:26:05.851602
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---
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atraktivní pár žlutých hvězd dominující poměrně řídkému hvězdnému polu. Složky jsou jasné 6,9mag a 7,2mag a mají vzájemný odstup 2,4 ".
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atraktivní pár žlutých hvězd dominující poměrně řídkému hvězdnému polu. Složky jsou jasné 6,9mag a 7,2mag a mají vzájemný odstup 2,4".
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created_by: 8mag
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created_date: 2020-09-23 20:52:22.224241
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updated_by: skybber
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updated_date: 2021-12-22 15:15:27.282247
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updated_date: 2022-01-23 10:24:15.773694
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---
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V roce 1915 měřil R. T. Innes vlastní pohyby hvězd v okolí α Centauri. Ve vzdálenosti 2,2 obloukového stupně jihozápadně od této hvězdy našel hvězdičku jasnosti 10,7mag, která se pohybovala stejným směrem i rychlostí jako obě složky α Centauri. Tento červený trpaslík je ve skutečnosti naší nejbližší hvězdou ke Slunci, je vzdálen pouze 4,25 světelného roku. Pravděpodobně patří do systému α Centauri, i když ho obíhá ve velmi velké vzdálenosti. Přitom za několik tisíc let, kdy se dostane za Toliman, už nebude naší nejbližší hvězdou. Proxima, což znamená v latině "nejbližší" - se občas zjasní o více než půl magnitudy a obyčejně za půlhodinu se vrátí ke své původní jasnosti. Proxima Centauri je malou hvězdičkou, její hmotnost dosahuje pouze 1/10 hmotnosti Slunce a je velmi slabá, svítí méně než 0,0008 Slunce
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V roce 1915 měřil R. T. Innes vlastní pohyby hvězd v okolí α Centauri. Ve vzdálenosti 2,2 obloukového stupně jihozápadně od této hvězdy našel hvězdičku jasnosti 10,7mag, která se pohybovala stejným směrem i rychlostí jako obě složky α Centauri. Tento červený trpaslík je ve skutečnosti naší nejbližší hvězdou ke Slunci, je vzdálen pouze 4,25 světelného roku. Pravděpodobně patří do systému α Centauri, i když ho obíhá ve velmi velké vzdálenosti. Přitom za několik tisíc let, kdy se dostane za Toliman, už nebude naší nejbližší hvězdou. Proxima, což znamená v latině "nejbližší" - se občas zjasní o více než půl magnitudy a obyčejně za půlhodinu se vrátí ke své původní jasnosti. Proxima Centauri je malou hvězdičkou, její hmotnost dosahuje pouze 1/10 hmotnosti Slunce a je velmi slabá, svítí méně než 0,0008 Slunce.
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created_by: 8mag
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created_date: 2020-09-23 20:52:22.073245
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updated_by: skybber
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updated_date: 2020-09-23 20:52:22.073266
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updated_date: 2022-01-21 19:11:08.197094
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---
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dvojvězda vhodná pro 100 mm dalekohled. Že jde o dvojhvězdu je evidentní při 100x zvětšení. Zjevuje se jako nestejně jasný (6,5mag, 9,5mag) a kontrastní pár žluté a bleděmodré složky. Jejich vzájemná vzdálenost je 25,1".
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dvojhvězda vhodná pro 100 mm dalekohled. Že jde o dvojhvězdu je evidentní při 100x zvětšení. Zjevuje se jako nestejně jasný (6,5mag, 9,5mag) a kontrastní pár žluté a bleděmodré složky. Jejich vzájemná vzdálenost je 25,1".
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constellation: Crv
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created_by: 8mag
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created_date: 2020-09-23 20:52:20.632973
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updated_by: 8mag
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updated_date: 2020-09-23 20:52:20.633008
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updated_by: skybber
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updated_date: 2022-01-25 17:04:10.435647
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dalekohledem s průměrem objektivu alespoň 8 cm spatříme ve vzdálenosti 24,2 obloukové vteřiny od zářivé bílé složky třetí magnitudy, slabého bleděmodrého průvodce 9. hvězdné velikosti. Tato soustava je od nás vzdálena 88 světelných let.
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dalekohledem s průměrem objektivu alespoň 8 cm spatříme ve vzdálenosti 24,2" od zářivé bílé složky třetí magnitudy, slabého bleděmodrého průvodce 9. hvězdné velikosti. Tato soustava je od nás vzdálena 88 světelných let.
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constellation: UMa
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created_by: 8mag
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created_date: 2020-09-23 20:52:22.675517
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updated_by: 8mag
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updated_date: 2020-09-23 20:52:22.675546
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updated_by: skybber
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updated_date: 2022-02-03 20:43:35.961595
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Nejznámější dvojhvězda, kterou Arabové zvykli označovat jako "průvodce" nebo "zkoušeč ostrosti zraku". Vzájemná vzdálenost obou hvězd je 12 obloukových minut, takže je zdravé oko bez problémů rozliší prakticky vždy. Jsou pěkným párem i v triedru.
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Nejznámější dvojhvězda, kterou Arabové zvykli označovat jako "průvodce" nebo "zkoušeč ostrosti zraku". Vzájemná vzdálenost obou hvězd je 12', takže je zdravé oko bez problémů rozliší prakticky vždy. Jsou pěkným párem i v triedru.
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name: Arktúr (α Bootis)
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name: Arktur (α Bootis)
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constellation: Boo
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created_by: 8mag
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created_date: 2020-09-23 20:52:21.343654
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created_by: 8mag
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created_date: 2020-09-23 20:52:23.000076
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updated_by: skybber
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updated_date: 2020-11-24 15:42:55.553224
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updated_date: 2022-01-23 18:18:13.972586
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---
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nádherná těsná fyzická dvojhvězda rozlišitelná v 100 mm dalekohledu, se žlutou 3,5mag a bílou složkou 7,3mag. Leží v odstupu 2,8 obloukové vteřiny. Předpokládá se, že vzájemná oběžná doba této dvojice bude asi několik tisíciletí. V 200 mm dalekohledu se přidá červený trpaslík 10. magnitudy, který je rovněž součástí systému. Leží v odstupu 14'. Celý systém je vzdálen přibližně 80 světelných let.
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nádherná těsná fyzická dvojhvězda rozlišitelná v 100 mm dalekohledu, se žlutou 3,5mag a bílou složkou 7,3mag. Leží v odstupu 2,8". Předpokládá se, že vzájemná oběžná doba této dvojice bude asi několik tisíciletí. V 200 mm dalekohledu se přidá červený trpaslík 10. magnitudy, který je rovněž součástí systému. Leží v odstupu 14'. Celý systém je vzdálen přibližně 80 světelných let.
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created_by: 8mag
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created_date: 2020-09-23 20:52:21.436002
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updated_by: skybber
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updated_date: 2020-09-23 20:52:21.436024
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updated_date: 2022-01-23 13:41:23.010601
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---
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tuto fyzickou dvojhvězdu tvoří dvě složky jasnosti 4,6mag (bílá) a 6,5mag (žlutohnědá) v odstupu 8 obloukových vteřin, které za ideálních podmínek může rozlišit dalekohled s průměrem objektivu nad 6 cm. Jejich vzdálenost od Země je určena na 86 světelných let. Je okrajovým členy "pohybové skupiny v Býku" spojovanou hlavně s otevřenou hvězdokupou Hyády.
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tuto fyzickou dvojhvězdu tvoří dvě složky jasnosti 4,6mag (bílá) a 6,5mag (žlutohnědá) v odstupu 8", které za ideálních podmínek může rozlišit dalekohled s průměrem objektivu nad 6 cm. Jejich vzdálenost od Země je určena na 86 světelných let. Je okrajovým členy "pohybové skupiny v Býku" spojovanou hlavně s otevřenou hvězdokupou Hyády.
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name: Andromeda
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created_by: skybber
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created_date: 2021-06-01 19:33:54.785091
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updated_by: skybber
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updated_date: 2022-01-17 18:20:00.392292
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Andromeda is a large constellation in the northern sky, whose brightest stars complete the quadrilateral of Pegasus. It is easy to find in the sky because its brightest stars lie roughly on a straight line formed by the stars Alpheratz, Mirach and Alamak. The star Algenib could also be part of this line, but it belongs to the constellation Perseus. We can also help us find it by the fact that it lies below Cassiopeia and borders closely on Pegasus - the line of 2mag stars runs from the north-east corner of the Pegasus square. The constellation lies just on the edge of the Milky Way, and contains a number of interesting binaries of varying brightness, spacing and colour, as well as several clusters and nebulae. Galaxies of all types are not lost. The most famous, the Great Andromeda Nebula, which moves almost perpendicularly over our heads during early autumn evenings, is visible as a bright, hazy, elongated cloud just a short distance from the star ν Andromedae.
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name: Antlia
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created_by: skybber
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created_date: 2021-06-01 19:50:34.718966
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updated_by: skybber
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updated_date: 2022-01-17 18:20:15.520122
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Antlia is a small and inconspicuous constellation of the southern sky with no brighter stars, lying south of the pattern break in the middle of Hydra's body, near the much more conspicuous constellations of Sails and Astern. Its northern part is visible in the evening sky in Central Europe from mid-April to June, low over the southern horizon. There is nothing distinctive or interesting in the constellation of the Antlia when viewed through a trident or small telescope. Although the constellation lies just outside the southern Milky Way, it contains no star clusters or nebulae. There are only a few faint galaxies, but none (with the exception of NGC 2997), is brighter than 11th magnitude.
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name: Apus
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created_by: skybber
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created_date: 2021-06-01 19:53:52.148678
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updated_by: skybber
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updated_date: 2022-01-17 18:20:43.794519
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---
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Apus is a faint small constellation near the south celestial pole, lying south below the circle, the Southern triangle and the Altar. It is not visible in our latitudes or from the southernmost shores of Europe. Just above the horizon it only begins to appear in equatorial regions. The constellation is formed by the triangle of its brightest stars: α, β and γ, etc. The brightest of these is α etc., a slightly yellowish star that reaches a brightness of 3.81mag. The constellation otherwise contains virtually no objects of interest.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
|
|||
---
|
||||
name: Aquarius
|
||||
created_by: skybber
|
||||
created_date: 2021-06-01 19:55:32.313056
|
||||
updated_by: skybber
|
||||
updated_date: 2022-01-17 18:21:11.926783
|
||||
---
|
||||
A large, faint constellation of the animal, lying almost entirely in the southern sky, below Pegasus, between Pisces and Capricorn. It consists only of medium-bright and fainter stars, rather irregularly arranged so that they do not form any bright shape. The Sun's passage through Aquarius marked the arrival of rainy weather for the ancient peoples of the eastern Mediterranean and the Near East. The Sun currently passes through Aquarius from February 16 to March 11, making it a typical constellation for autumn evenings. To the naked eye, you may be struck by a small group of orange stars in the constellation known as ψ AQR, which gives the false impression of a loose star cluster of sorts, and the so-called pitcher or "Aquarius pitcher" lying on the celestial equator, represented by four stars: η, π, γ and ζ Aquarii arranged in a Y. Only a few other stars deserve special attention. Because the constellation lies further from the Milky Way, it is naturally poor in star clusters and nebulae. It does, however, contain three interesting globular clusters, two of which are in Messier's catalogue, and two well-known planetary clusters, Saturn and Helix. The most numerous deep-sky objects are galaxies, but most of them are of low luminosity.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
|
|||
---
|
||||
name: Aquila
|
||||
created_by: skybber
|
||||
created_date: 2021-06-01 19:57:14.885829
|
||||
updated_by: skybber
|
||||
updated_date: 2022-01-17 18:21:28.162349
|
||||
---
|
||||
|
||||
A prominent constellation situated on the celestial equator, in the Milky Way region, divided in two by the Great Rift, lying in the sky to the south below the Swan, the Arrow and the Fox. The Milky Way, stretching through the northern and western parts of the constellation, is rich in stars in this region, overlaid in some places with dark clouds of gas and dust, and during summer nights it becomes a favorite walk for stargazers with triads. The brightest shining star is the blue-white star Altair, which, along with the stars Vega of the constellation Lyra and Deneb of the Swan, forms the Summer Landmark Triangle. The constellation contains no prominent deep-sky objects, but there are a number of fainter and smaller planets and dark nebulae, the most famous of which is the so-called Dark Spot in Eagle. This exceptionally dark dust cloud is found one and a half degrees from gamma Aquilae, the northern part of which is usually referred to in atlases as Barnard 143, the southern part being Barnard 142. In the triad it appears as a starless "E" shaped region really leaving a strong impression of an opaque substance placed between the observer and the distant stars.
|
||||
|
||||
Visually, the Milky Way in Eagle leaves the impression that it is riddled with gas and dust clouds of the Great Rift, not equally bright in every place, containing stellar clouds, conspicuous patches of random nearby faint stars, and dark nebulae that cut into the Milky Way to form its shape . The first slight brightening is in the mainstream east of the star 23 Aql, roughly where the Milky Way crosses the level of the celestial equator. To the west of Altair, a bright elongated belt appears again, converging into the constellation of the Arrow. About 2/3 of the distance from above, it has another brightening and a circular (but less prominent) one west of the star Mu Aql.
|
||||
|
||||
If you go for a walk with a trier in the Milky Way during summer nights, you may be surprised to find virtually no interesting open clusters in the vast and otherwise distinctive constellation of Eagle. This part of the sky is the area between the Orion and Sagittarius arms, so there are only very close or very distant and even fainter stars, but they are reliably obscured by the dark clouds of the Great Rift, a complex of dust in our arm located along the galactic equator. The narrowest, with sharp boundaries, is in the Swan, while the widest is between Eagle and Hadonos, and it curves slightly to the west. In this place it is much closer to us - only 1,500 light years, while in Labuti it is thousands of light years away. Because the chain of dark nebulae is slightly inclined relative to the plane of our Galaxy, the Milky Way is brighter in Eagle to the southeast of the Great Rift, while it is brighter in Labute to the northwest.
|
||||
|
|
@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
|
|||
---
|
||||
name: Ara
|
||||
created_by: skybber
|
||||
created_date: 2021-06-01 20:13:42.313212
|
||||
updated_by: skybber
|
||||
updated_date: 2022-01-17 18:21:43.721601
|
||||
---
|
||||
A small but quite prominent constellation in the southern sky, not visible here. It lies in the Milky Way south of the constellation Scorpius, between the star θ Scorpii on one side and α Triangulo Australis on the other. Also pointing towards it are the two brightest Centaur stars, Hadar and Rigil Centaurus. The constellation Altar is quite distinctive in shape and resembles a chair or armchair in its outline in the sky. It can easily be found in the Milky Way south of Scorpio, however, if we can see at least to the 65th parallel of the southern declination from our vantage point. It consists of the brightest star β Arae of apparent brightness 2.85mag, an orange giant 600 light years away, followed by α Arae of brightness 2.95mag, γ Arae of 3.34mag, ζ Arae of 3.13mag, δ Arae of 3.62mag, θ Arae of 3.66mag, and η Arae of 3.76mag. Three of them are orange - β, ζ, η. The altar contains several interesting deep-sky objects, dominated by the globular clusters NGC 6352, NGC 6362 and NGC 6397 and the open cluster NGC 6208, which reaches stellar size 7.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
|
|||
---
|
||||
name: Aries
|
||||
created_by: skybber
|
||||
created_date: 2021-06-02 18:48:24.241094
|
||||
updated_by: skybber
|
||||
updated_date: 2022-01-17 18:21:59.151745
|
||||
---
|
||||
Aries is officially the first constellation of the zodiac, because 2 000 years ago it was the location of the spring point - the intersection of the ecliptic and the equator, which today, due to precession, is already in the neighbouring constellation of Pisces (the sign for the spring point is still identical to the constellation Aries). From the spring point, the ecliptic used to be divided into 12 equal-length segments of 30 degrees each, known as the signs of the zodiac. Today, the Sun travels through Aries between April 18 and May 12 each year. Aries is a small but distinctive constellation whose skeleton is formed by the bright stars Hamal, Sheratan and Mesarthim, near the line of stars characterizing the constellation Andromeda. The constellation offers several binaries and faint galaxies, of which only NGC 772 stands out as such.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
|
|||
---
|
||||
name: Auriga
|
||||
created_by: skybber
|
||||
created_date: 2021-06-02 18:57:03.133087
|
||||
updated_by: skybber
|
||||
updated_date: 2022-01-17 18:22:14.879389
|
||||
---
|
||||
A striking constellation in the northern sky in an interesting part of the winter Milky Way. Bright stars form a distinctive horseshoe pattern between the constellations Gemini and Perseus. Its northern part is circumpolar in our latitudes, the whole constellation not falling below the northern horizon until 60 degrees north latitude. The constellation of Charioteer is easily found thanks to the bright star Capella, which is also accompanied a little further south by three stars: ε, ζ and η Aurigae, which are called "Kids of the she-goat Capella" (Haedus). They are visible as a small triangle of stars. It is at this point that the Milky Way begins to regain its brightness and continues next to the Ladder (a striking line of tight 5th magnitude constellations 16, 17, 18, 19 and IQ Aurigae) in the form of an interesting narrow band to the south. Within the distinctive horseshoe pattern formed by the constellation's five brightest stars lies the so-called Big Three in the Wozze - a trio of Messier clusters M36, M37 and M38, all of which can be visible without binoculars during excellent conditions.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
|
|||
---
|
||||
name: Bootes
|
||||
created_by: skybber
|
||||
created_date: 2021-06-02 18:58:29.981304
|
||||
updated_by: skybber
|
||||
updated_date: 2022-01-17 18:22:30.647405
|
||||
---
|
||||
A large constellation in the northern sky between Hercules and Virgo, resembling the shape of a kite or the letter "Y", dominated by the orange Arcturus, and flanked by the stars η, ε, γ Boot and α Coronae Borealis. The northernmost parts of the constellation are circumpolar in our latitudes. The constellation is far from the Milky Way and so contains no nebulae or open clusters. On the contrary, it is crowded with many galaxies, which are often grouped in pairs or clusters, but none of them reaches exceptional brightness. The most interesting deepsky object is the globular cluster NGC 5466, which is extremely relaxed, with a low density of stars. The northern part of the constellation contains faint stars that formed the now-defunct constellation of the Masonic Quadrant (Quadrans Murali). However, a remnant of its name can now be found only in the designation of the meteor shower Quadrantids.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
|
|||
---
|
||||
name: Caelum
|
||||
created_by: skybber
|
||||
created_date: 2021-06-02 18:59:25.041431
|
||||
updated_by: skybber
|
||||
updated_date: 2022-01-17 18:22:47.674628
|
||||
---
|
||||
|
||||
A small and very faint constellation of the southern sky, one of the worst to identify. In our latitudes only the northern part of it rises above the horizon, in the evening in late autumn or early winter. Its northernmost part peaks at midnight in early December about 10 degrees above the southern horizon. The southernmost parts can only be seen in Europe at Mediterranean latitudes.
|
||||
|
|
@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
|
|||
---
|
||||
name: Camelopardalis
|
||||
created_by: skybber
|
||||
created_date: 2021-06-02 19:00:54.758009
|
||||
updated_by: skybber
|
||||
updated_date: 2022-01-17 18:23:05.779120
|
||||
---
|
||||
A large but very faint constellation in the northern sky that never sets in our latitudes. It lies in an almost starless region, in the space between Cepheus, Cassiopeia, Perseus, Auriga, Lynx, Draco, and the star Polaris of the Little Bear. It is almost impossible to make out the cluster of faint but actually very distant and very bright stars without a good map. Although this constellation occupies a fairly large area and its southeastern boundary extends slightly into the Milky Way, it contains only four stars brighter than 4.5 mag. However, this faint region harbours several nice open clusters (NGC 1502), a relatively bright galaxy (NGC 2403), a nice planetary nebula (NGC 1501) and an exceptional cluster of stars known as the Kemble Cascade.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
|
|||
---
|
||||
name: Cancer
|
||||
created_by: skybber
|
||||
created_date: 2021-06-02 19:22:26.823362
|
||||
updated_by: skybber
|
||||
updated_date: 2022-01-17 18:23:29.539270
|
||||
---
|
||||
A faint constellation in the northern sky between Gemini and Leo. The inverted "Y" lies in the centre of an equilateral triangle formed by the stars Pollux, Regulus and Procyon. It is formed by the stars Altarf, Acubens, Asellus Australus, ι and χ Cancri. 2000 years ago, the Sun passed through Cancer at the time of the summer solstice, so it was the northernmost constellation of the zodiac. It currently passes through it from July 20 to August 9. However, the sign of Cancer still marks the summer solstice and the Tropic of Cancer is called the Tropic of Cancer in the northern hemisphere. At present, the Sun rises highest in the northern hemisphere at the boundary of the constellations Gemini and Taurus. Cancer is the least prominent constellation of the zodiac, with only one of its stars exceeding 4th magnitude. A moonless night is therefore a prerequisite for seeing the constellation at its best in the sky. Cancer boasts two open star clusters, some of the most beautiful in the entire sky. The brighter one is M44, located almost in the centre of the constellation. In ancient times, in 270 BC, the Greek poet Aratus called it "Praesepe". Several centuries have passed since then, when Galileo Galilei first resolved them into individual stars with a telescope in 1610. Nowadays, a simple triad will do the trick. There are also several binary stars in the constellation, and because it is further away from the Milky Way, we can find a greater number of fainter galaxies.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
|
|||
---
|
||||
name: Canes venatici
|
||||
created_by: skybber
|
||||
created_date: 2021-06-03 15:38:50.824674
|
||||
updated_by: skybber
|
||||
updated_date: 2022-01-17 18:23:50.611651
|
||||
---
|
||||
A small constellation of the northern sky in a relatively barren region below the rim of the Big Dipper, between the Shepherd and the constellation Berenice's Hair. It is partly circumpolar in our latitudes, being highest in the sky during the lengthening evenings of the spring season. The Hunting Dogs are located near the galactic pole, so we see this constellation perpendicular to the Milky Way from us and therefore see far beyond our Galaxy. It should come as no surprise that the Hunting Dogs are very rich in extragalactic objects. Virtually all of the galaxies in the constellation visible in our amateur telescopes are part of one massive supercluster of galaxies, Virgo, the center of which is 60 million light-years away from us and is projected in the sky at the boundary between the constellations Virgo and Berenice's Hair. Our Local Group, which lies on the edge of this supercluster, is probably part of it. There are three groups of galaxies in the Hunting Dogs. The closest, about 20 million light-years away, is the Canes Venatici I group, which includes galaxies such as M94, M106, NGC 4214, NGC 4244, NGC 4395, and NGC 4449. Another group, Canes Venatici II, 35-40 million light-years away, includes M63, NGC 4111, NGC 4242, NGC 4490, NGC 4618, NGC 4631, and NGC 4800. The third group, Ursa Major I, 70-80 million years away, includes NGC 4145, NGC 4151, NGC 4217, and NGC 4369.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
|
|||
---
|
||||
name: Canis major
|
||||
created_by: skybber
|
||||
created_date: 2021-06-03 15:40:18.970565
|
||||
updated_by: skybber
|
||||
updated_date: 2022-01-17 18:24:12.586324
|
||||
---
|
||||
A striking constellation in the southern sky, made up of bright and simply arranged stars. The constellation includes Sirius, the brightest star in the night sky. Apart from the Sun and the Moon, it is only outshined by the planets Jupiter, Saturn and Mars. Sirius is also one of the vertices of the Winter Triangle, along with Procyon of the Little Dog and the star Betelgeuse in the right arm of Orion. The constellation is not the most extensive, but neither is it somehow poor in interesting objects that become the target of many amateur astronomers. Thanks to its position in the Milky Way's winter Milky Way, the Big Dog is rich in various open clusters, of which M41 is the clear leader. It also contains several nebula complexes, a planetary nebula, and a few galaxies whose light has broken through the gas and dust clouds of the Milky Way. For binary enthusiasts, this rich region is certainly well suited. Globular clusters are not found in the constellation.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
|
|||
---
|
||||
name: Canis minor
|
||||
created_by: skybber
|
||||
created_date: 2021-06-03 15:42:44.019373
|
||||
updated_by: skybber
|
||||
updated_date: 2022-01-17 18:24:30.422556
|
||||
---
|
||||
A small constellation of the northern sky near the celestial equator, below Gemini and east of Orion, containing only two stars brighter than 5 magnitude: Procyon and Gomeisa. Although located on the edge of the winter Milky Way, Little Dog offers the observer only a few faint galaxies from deepsky objects, nothing for smaller telescopes. Even binaries are not well represented, but a few are interesting and attention-grabbing. Quasar 4C 05.34, which is one of the most distant objects in the sky at 3,000 Mpc, also lies in the constellation.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
|
|||
---
|
||||
name: Capricornus
|
||||
created_by: skybber
|
||||
created_date: 2021-06-03 15:44:57.015790
|
||||
updated_by: skybber
|
||||
updated_date: 2022-01-17 18:25:13.990661
|
||||
---
|
||||
|
||||
A faint zodiac constellation of the southern sky between Aquarius and Sagittarius. The constellation consists of faint stars forming a distorted triangle shape, none brighter than 3mag. It is reached by the conjunction of two bright stars, Vega and Altair. Nearby are other water constellations: Aquarius, Pisces, Whale and Southern Pisces - the Sun's passage through this region marked a period of rainy weather in the eastern Mediterranean and Middle East. Because Capricorn is very good at jumping on rocks, it made its way up into the sky as a symbol of the rising Sun - the return of longer days and a harbinger of spring. In fact, 2,000 years ago, the Sun passed through Capricorn at the time of the winter solstice, was lowest in the sky, and began to rise higher and higher in the celestial vault as it moved to the next constellation. However, this has long been untrue. Due to precession, the Sun passes through the constellation from January 20 to February 15, and at the time of the winter solstice it is in Sagittarius - today the southernmost constellation of the zodiac. However, the sign of Capricorn remains the sign of the winter solstice to this day, and the vertex of the southern hemisphere from which the Sun turns back north is called the vertex of Capricorn.
|
||||
|
||||
Although Capricorn is located just east of the rich Milky Way region in Sagittarius and occupies a good portion of the sky, it is surprisingly poor in deepsky objects. The region does, however, contain some beautiful double and multiple stars, suitable for binoculars or small telescopes, and in their wide field of view they can look almost like a loose open star cluster. Capricorn, on the other hand, boasts just one interesting globular cluster - M30. Near the star μ Capricorn, the Berlin astronomer Johann Gottfried Galle found another planet in our solar system - Neptune - in 1846, based on Leverrier's calculations.
|
||||
|
|
@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
|
|||
---
|
||||
name: Carina
|
||||
created_by: skybber
|
||||
created_date: 2021-06-06 08:40:05.845624
|
||||
updated_by: skybber
|
||||
updated_date: 2022-01-17 18:25:27.835015
|
||||
---
|
||||
|
||||
Keel is the dominant constellation in the southern sky, with the entire eastern part of the constellation delving into one of the richest regions of the Milky Way, with an extensive array of deep-sky objects. Six bright open clusters can be found here in trier alone. Three of them are real showpieces: NGC 2516 and NGC 3532 are very bright, large and contain many stars. IC 2602 is a group of other bright stars popularly known as the Southern Pleiades. The second brightest star in the sky, Canopus, and the η Carinae Nebula, the brightest region of ionized hydrogen in the Milky Way, occupy an area of four degrees in the sky. In its interior lies a very interesting 6th magnitude star, also called η Carinae. It is a pity that the constellation of the keel is practically impossible to observe from Europe.
|
||||
|
||||
Of particular note here is the bright and sharply defined Milky Way cloud, which spills over into the neighbouring Southern Cross. Of all the parts of the Milky Way, it appears the most colourful - white, with a very slight tendency to a bluish hue. It is important to note that at this point our view turns directly along the axis of Sagittarius' spiral arm. You can trace its northeastern part all the way to the constellation of the Shield, where it bends again at the point of the Cloud in the Shield. However, if you look more closely you will see that while the Cloud in the Shield is only 25 degrees from the centre of the Galaxy, the star cloud in Kyle is a good 75 degrees away. The explanation is simple. The arm of Sagittarius starts from the centre of the Galaxy in the direction of the constellation of the Shield and stretches further south, while in Kyle it is already far from it, encircling the centre and disappearing in the distance behind it. While objects in Sagittarius are on average five thousand light-years away, NGC 6231 in Scorpius is already 6,000 light-years away and NGC 4755 in the Southern Cross is 8,000 light-years away. Within the star cloud itself, there are a couple of diverse subdivisions that look like dark smudges in triads over a very rich star field surrounding several of the aforementioned clusters. A truly unique sight.
|
||||
|
|
@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
|
|||
---
|
||||
name: Cassiopeia
|
||||
created_by: skybber
|
||||
created_date: 2021-06-06 08:41:35.776601
|
||||
updated_by: skybber
|
||||
updated_date: 2022-01-17 18:25:40.754961
|
||||
---
|
||||
A constellation near the North Pole, it is circumpolar in our latitudes. It's one of the constellations we can easily identify in the sky. Five bright stars form a characteristic "W" or "M" shaped constellation in the star-rich Milky Way, on the opposite side of Polaris from the Big Dipper. Cassiopeia is crossed by the autumn Milky Way and the constellation is therefore also extremely rich in open star clusters. Some are among the most beautiful in the sky, while others are only tiny groups or clusters of stars nestled in rich star fields, and are therefore not easy to discover and correctly identify. Without a detailed constellation map, we can quickly get lost in this area. The constellation is also decorated with a few nebulae, a few galaxies and a large number of colourful double and multiple stars.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
We look into the constellation Cassiopeia and its surroundings in the direction of galactic rotation, but out of our arm. Because there are no large clouds of interstellar material in this region, we can admire the arm of Perseus in our autumn sky. This is the main outer arm, lying furthest from the centre of the galaxy. It's wide, ragged and merges with the Orion arm in places. Rather than encircling the Galaxy in a continuous line, it is a series of disconnected clouds of young stars and nebulae. Seen from a distance, it would appear as a faint arm with many concentrations of young stars and nebulae. Unlike the Sagittarius and Ruler arms, however, it does not have a major effect on the appearance of our Galaxy.
|
||||
|
||||
Let's follow the course of the Milky Way in the sky. The main stream continues through Cassiopeia and cuts directly through the five bright stars of the constellation. It is very uneven, tapering off a little and losing a little intensity. It is sharply defined in the northern part, but in the south it passes very smoothly into its surroundings, and in a side view almost touches the Great Nebula in Andromeda during excellent conditions. Its brightest part is a narrow belt stretching from stars 1 and 2 Cas to stars 9 and 10 Cas. This belt is flanked on the south side by a single oval, slightly conspicuous brightening, on the edge of which lies the open cluster M52, which is not the easiest to observe with the naked eye, and is sometimes confused with a small conspicuous brightening in its neighbourhood, which is only a chance grouping of about four faint stars.
|
||||
|
||||
A few brighter areas and a few darker areas are still visible in the main stream, the most striking of which is the oval bay penetrating the main pattern of the constellation to the star δ Cas. Conversely, there is a small brightening near γ Cas, and a small hazy circular patch is visible to the naked eye just off the ε Cas star. On closer inspection, the triangle of stars 52, 53 Cas and HR 657 (magnitudes 6.0 - 5.6 - 5.3) can be easily distinguished. In the southern part of the constellation, on the other hand, a large group often referred to as Stock 2 is an ideal object for the triad. It consists of about 50 stars of 9th and 10th magnitude covering an area of the sky of one degree.
|
||||
|
||||
Translated with www.DeepL.com/Translator (free version)
|
||||
|
|
@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
|
|||
---
|
||||
name: Centaurus
|
||||
created_by: skybber
|
||||
created_date: 2021-06-06 08:43:12.898913
|
||||
updated_by: skybber
|
||||
updated_date: 2022-01-17 18:25:57.467788
|
||||
---
|
||||
|
||||
A large, striking and object-rich constellation in the southern sky, the northern parts of which are still visible from central Europe in the spring months. The constellation's two brightest stars - α Centauri, also called Toliman or Rigil Centaurus - and β Centauri - Agena or Hadar - form the centaur's legs and are also a landmark for locating the South Celestial Pole and the Southern Cross. The latter was still part of the Centaurus in Ptolemy's time, only later becoming a separate constellation. Unfortunately, these regions are now too far south and cannot be seen from Europe. A rich Milky Way region passes through the southern part of the constellation and therefore, especially in its central and eastern part towards the Wolf Interface, we can observe several nice open clusters. By far the most famous object, however, is the impressive globular cluster Omega Centauri, the brightest in the entire sky. Also worth noting is the large and bright galaxy NGC 5128 in the center with its dark band, one of the strongest radio sources in the sky.
|
||||
|
||||
South of λ Centauri lies a dark nebula, called the False Coal Bag by southern observers, at the boundary between Centaurus, the keel and the Fly. While not as conspicuous by comparison because of a few foreground stars, it is considerably larger. Its contrast to its surroundings is not quite as stark, yet it is clearly visible compared to the Milky Way. The beautiful cluster Melotte 115, which consists of many faint stars, also appears in the triad near it. Near Alpha Centauri, a complex of dark clouds called the Trench begins, dividing the Milky Way in two. It gradually grows in width and continues to the centre of the Galaxy, because the beginning of the galaxy at Alpha Centauri is further away than the other end, so it is also narrower and more sharply defined at this point.
|
||||
|
|
@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
|
|||
---
|
||||
name: Cepheus
|
||||
created_by: skybber
|
||||
created_date: 2021-06-06 08:42:45.907258
|
||||
updated_by: skybber
|
||||
updated_date: 2022-01-17 18:26:37.835361
|
||||
---
|
||||
A constellation of the northern sky extending to the celestial pole, which does not fit in our latitudes. It is formed by a rhombus lying at the elongated junction of the Big Dipper with Polaris, which peaks at midnight in late August near the zenith, and is therefore best seen in the evening during October and November. We can help us find it by using, for example, Cassiopeia - it is pointed at the 2 times elongated conjunction of the stars Shedir and Caph. Cepheus is a relatively inconspicuous constellation sandwiched between the brighter and easier to distinguish Cassiopeia and the Swan, although its star shape, resembling the drawing of a child's house, is easy to find under average viewing conditions: α, β, ζ and ι Cephei represent the corners of this house, with γ Cephei at the tip of its roof. The southern part of the constellation also extends into the Milky Way, and at first glance it would appear that there is not a single interesting deepsky object to be found here. But there isn't. You need to get your hands on a better binocular or at least a smaller telescope! Surprises start to emerge from the endless depths of space in the form of interesting stars, clusters and nebulae.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
From the emission nebula IC 1396, a hazy but still clearly visible Milky Way bulge penetrates the Cephean rhombus, separating a narrower, darker bay in the direction of the ζ-ι Cephei line from the main Milky Way stream (continuing on to Cassiopeia). It is brightest in the vicinity of stars 18, 19 and 20 Cephei, which together with a few other fainter stars form a brightening of about three degrees. If observing conditions allow you to see even faint stars, the moon isn't exactly in the sky, and someone decides to turn off the public lighting in the area, it's worth noting that the Milky Way continues on to γ Cephei (where it is closest to Polaris) and only ends in a hazy arc at brightening at the point where most star atlases plot the large open cluster Collinder 463. Between this arc and the mainstream, a chain of dark nebulae (the Second Great Rift) very similar to the one in the Swan becomes apparent.
|
||||
|
|
@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
|
|||
---
|
||||
name: Cetus
|
||||
created_by: skybber
|
||||
created_date: 2021-06-06 08:45:38.851588
|
||||
updated_by: skybber
|
||||
updated_date: 2022-01-17 18:26:52.240422
|
||||
---
|
||||
A large constellation, the fourth largest, located mostly in the southern sky. Only the head of the Whale, the stellar pentagon, extends north of the world equator. The Whale extends south of Aries and Pisces and lies well away from the Milky Way. Although it essentially fills a large empty space in the sky, the star pattern that forms the constellation's skeleton is not hard to find in a dark sky. The head of the Whale, adjacent to Taurus, is formed by the stars Menkar (2.53mag), γ (3.47mag), ξ (4.28mag) and μ Ceti (4.27mag), followed by the constellation's main jewel, the long-period variable Mira Ceti, with the glow of Deneb Kaitos (2.04mag) on its tail. Missing from the deepsky objects are open clusters and diffuse nebulae. The main objects of interest are the Seyfert galaxy M77, the nice planetary nebula NGC 246, a fair number of nice binaries and, for large telescopes, a number of distant galaxies.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
|
|||
---
|
||||
name: Chamaeleon
|
||||
created_by: skybber
|
||||
created_date: 2021-06-06 08:46:38.987686
|
||||
updated_by: skybber
|
||||
updated_date: 2022-01-17 18:27:06.695571
|
||||
---
|
||||
|
||||
A tiny constellation near the south celestial pole forming an inconspicuous irregular rhombus of stars of apparent brightness 4mag and 5mag south of the flying fish, the keel and the Fly. Its defining stars are α, β, γ and δ Chamaeleontis. Chameleon is, as in nature, inconspicuous in the sky: it disappears in a region poor in brighter stars around the south celestial pole. All the stars of Chameleon are faint, and the constellation is one of the smallest and most difficult to identify. It is only revealed by the longer arm of the Southern Cross pointing at it from the north. The constellation is not visible to us.
|
||||
|
|
@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
|
|||
---
|
||||
name: Circinus
|
||||
created_by: skybber
|
||||
created_date: 2021-06-06 08:47:29.607575
|
||||
updated_by: skybber
|
||||
updated_date: 2022-01-17 18:27:21.475238
|
||||
---
|
||||
|
||||
A small and faint constellation of the southern sky that we can never see in our latitudes. The narrow isosceles triangle formed by the constellation's three brightest stars lies wedged between the Fly, Centaurus, Ruler and the Southern Triangle in the Milky Way. There are no interesting objects in this small constellation near the conspicuous α and β Centauri, despite lying in the Milky Way, and its faint stars are not even named.
|
||||
|
||||
At positions 14 47.8 (RA) and -66 17 (Dec), you can discover the South Kemble Cascade, a purely random grouping of individual constellations in the constellation of the circle in trier. However, in comparison to the original, it is slightly shorter and contains up to two streams of stars that merge in the north. More striking is the straight, forty-five minute long western array consisting of eight stars. The eastern row contains the same number of stars, but is a little twisted, and its brightest star is Dzetou Circinus. The other joining stars in the south give the whole cluster a necklace-like appearance.
|
||||
|
|
@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
|
|||
---
|
||||
name: Columba
|
||||
created_by: skybber
|
||||
created_date: 2021-06-06 08:48:45.613176
|
||||
updated_by: skybber
|
||||
updated_date: 2022-01-17 18:27:35.545760
|
||||
---
|
||||
|
||||
A small constellation of the southern sky, whose distorted line of stars lies south of the Big Dog and Hare. Dove can be seen all above the horizon from areas as far south as the southernmost European shores. If we want the best view of its objects, we must wait for a time when it is passing through the meridian and the southern horizon is not obscured by fog, dust, or low cloud. The Dove contains a handful of binaries, a couple of moderately bright galaxies, and the pretty globular cluster NGC 1851.
|
||||
|
|
@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
|
|||
---
|
||||
name: Coma berenices
|
||||
created_by: skybber
|
||||
created_date: 2021-06-19 07:17:26.384790
|
||||
updated_by: skybber
|
||||
updated_date: 2022-01-17 18:27:57.110568
|
||||
---
|
||||
A faint constellation of the northern sky covering the star-poor region between Leo and the Shepherd. The constellation reflects the north pole of the Galaxy - the direction of the axis of rotation of our Galaxy, which lies in the sky near the star β Coma Berenices, and therefore we look in this direction perpendicular to the plane of the Galaxy. The Milky Way is far away, so we can expect to see a large number of distant galaxies. In addition, in the southwestern part of the constellation is the almost "unmissable" Coma-Virgo galaxy cluster, which is the heart of the local supercluster and our galactic neighborhood. It includes the so-called Coma Cluster, which brings together over 1 000 galaxies 300 to 400 million light-years away. Several of its brightest members can be well observed with a 200 mm telescope.
|
||||
|
||||
Of interest to the unaided eye is the diffuse cluster around the Coma Berenices galaxy γ - Melotte 111, which contains a collection of several fifth and sixth magnitude stars scattered over an area of five degrees, making it an ideal object especially for the triad. The cluster lies only 280 light years away and is our third closest open cluster after the Big Dipper and Hyades groups. Altogether it contains 38 members up to 9.3mag over an area of twelve degrees, the brightest of which are the constellations 12, 13, 14, 16, 17, 21 and 34 Coma Berenices. Melotte 111 is 500 million years old and is not included in the Messier catalogue or the NGC.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
|
|||
---
|
||||
name: Corona australis
|
||||
created_by: skybber
|
||||
created_date: 2021-06-19 07:18:34.487271
|
||||
updated_by: skybber
|
||||
updated_date: 2022-01-17 18:28:12.673847
|
||||
---
|
||||
The Southern Crown is the ninth smallest but quite prominent constellation of the southern sky under the feet of Sagittarius, east of Scorpio, in the Milky Way region of the richly interwoven interstellar medium. In our area it only partially rises above the horizon in the summer months, if we want to see it in its entirety, we must travel at least 5 degrees south, possibly as far as the Mediterranean region. There we can easily find it because of its shape, as it is otherwise quite a striking pattern. Although the brightness of none of its stars exceeds 4th magnitude, the short curve formed by the stars α, β, γ, δ and θ of the CRA very aptly resembles its corona. It lies on the southeastern boundary of the Milky Way and contains several nice objects, including two beautiful binaries, a large bright globular cluster, and an interesting complex of dark dust clouds and a bright reflection nebula.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
|
|||
---
|
||||
name: Corona borealis
|
||||
created_by: skybber
|
||||
created_date: 2021-06-19 07:20:23.614053
|
||||
updated_by: skybber
|
||||
updated_date: 2022-01-17 18:28:25.456075
|
||||
---
|
||||
A prominent small constellation of the northern sky between Hercules and Shepherd, in the direction of the elongated axis of the Big Dipper, at the junction of Vega and Arcturus. About one-third of this distance is a semicircle of seven bright stars dominated by Gemma, meaning "jewel". The Northern Crown is far from the Milky Way and so, like most constellations so placed, offers a bunch of faint galaxies. The most astronomically interesting object in the constellation is the extremely rich but trillion light-years away galaxy cluster Abell 2065 - containing more than 1,000 galaxies in the dizzying depths of space. Unfortunately, the brightest members only reach magnitude 16 and are therefore reserved for large telescopes.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
|
|||
---
|
||||
name: Corvus
|
||||
created_by: skybber
|
||||
created_date: 2021-06-19 07:22:00.152632
|
||||
updated_by: skybber
|
||||
updated_date: 2022-01-25 17:06:22.124171
|
||||
---
|
||||
A relatively prominent but minor constellation in the southern sky below Virgo. Its brightest star, Spica, is pointed at by the two stars of the Raven's Wing. The constellation's four main stars (γ, δ, β, ε Corvo) range in magnitude from 2.5 to 3 and form a striking trapezoid. This pattern is particularly striking because it lies in a relatively star-poor region - 10 degrees southwest of Spica. The Raven is not a very interesting constellation, but it does contain several attractive binaries and a couple of fairly bright galaxies. The most prominent of these is NGC 4038-39, a pair of interacting galaxies called the Antennae.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
|
|||
---
|
||||
name: Crater
|
||||
created_by: skybber
|
||||
created_date: 2021-06-19 07:23:35.214787
|
||||
updated_by: skybber
|
||||
updated_date: 2021-06-19 07:23:35.215140
|
||||
---
|
||||
A small, faint constellation south of the celestial equator. It lies west of the Raven, below Denebola of Leo. Although the Cup is made up of not very bright stars, none of which are brighter than 3.5mag, they resemble the constellation's very name, the Cup, because they are arranged in a semicircle open to the upper left. The constellation itself, however, contains no more remarkable objects. Because it does not lie in the Milky Way, there are only a few galaxies, especially spiral galaxies, but only two are brighter than 11th magnitude and only eight are brighter than 12th magnitude.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
|
|||
---
|
||||
name: Crux
|
||||
created_by: skybber
|
||||
created_date: 2021-06-19 07:24:39.338129
|
||||
updated_by: skybber
|
||||
updated_date: 2021-06-19 07:24:39.338420
|
||||
---
|
||||
|
||||
The Southern Cross is the most famous constellation and symbol of the southern sky. As a separate constellation, it was probably first drawn on star charts by Portuguese seafarers in the 16th century, who needed some sort of landmark to help them locate the South Celestial Pole during their sea voyages. In areas north of the equator, the Polaris chart fulfils this function perfectly, showing almost exactly the location of the North Celestial Pole, the cardinal points and the latitude. In the southern hemisphere, however, we can no longer see the Arctic Circle and the North Celestial Pole, so we have to take a slightly different approach to orientation. We start from the conjunction of Toliman and Agent, the two brightest stars of Centaurus, which point to the true Southern Cross, thus not to be confused with the nearby False Cross, lying 45 degrees to the west. The longer arm of the Southern Cross, 4.5 times the superimposed distance of the stars α and γ Crucis, then points virtually into the starless region where the South Celestial Pole is located.
|
||||
|
||||
Small and distinctive, but invisible in our latitudes, the constellation of the southern sky. The brilliant stars form a typical cross pattern captured in the southern part of Centaurus. However, because it lies in one of the most beautiful and extraordinarily rich regions of the Milky Way, it does not stand out above its surroundings. We can admire a pair of very different objects in it - with the naked eye, note the striking dark region called the Coal Sack, while in the triad, the sparkling open cluster of the Jewel Cluster around the star Kappa Crucis catches the eye.
|
||||
|
|
@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
|
|||
---
|
||||
name: Cygnus
|
||||
created_by: skybber
|
||||
created_date: 2021-06-19 08:02:54.697503
|
||||
updated_by: skybber
|
||||
updated_date: 2021-06-19 08:04:45.389838
|
||||
---
|
||||
The most prominent summer constellation of the richest region of the Milky Way in the Northern Hemisphere. The constellation is very striking and is sometimes called the Northern Cross because of its shape (it is made up of stars, the centre of which is marked by the star γ Cygni, with the star Deneb at the apex and the famous double star Albireo at the base. When the Swan is in the east, the cross lies on the left side. Only as it moves westward, sometime around Christmas, does the cross gradually rise. The constellation includes a large number of individual objects, both pretty to look at and astronomically interesting. Among the binaries, Albireo and 61 Cygni are particularly well known, the North American emission nebula, which with luck can be detected in small binocular, and above all the jewel of the whole sky, the Algal Nebula, which, together with the Crab Nebula, is the best observable remnant of a supernova explosion. There are also a large number of planetary nebulae and open clusters in the constellation.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
The Swan contains arguably the most visually beautiful part of the northern Milky Way. The Great Rift here, with its sharp boundaries with the starry clouds, exhibits high contrast. The most striking cloud (by far the brightest part of the Milky Way north of the celestial equator) extends in a westerly direction all the way from Albireo to the γ Cygni region and is elongated in shape. It extends about two degrees to the east of the conjunction of these two stars, and a degree farther to the west. First notice that it has a different brightness than the Cloud in the Shield - it is not as hazy and is more of a fluffy white color. In the triad, there is a very high density of stars visible in this region. The western half of the cloud contains a very bright circular brightening around Albireo, this is the most striking formation ever in this part. The eastern half of the cloud is exceptional because of the abundant excess of stars of 6mag to 10mag brightness and there is a second brightening which includes a string of bright stars 28, 36, 40 Cygni and others. In addition, there is a system of dark nebulae throughout the cloud, the most striking of which is Fish in a Bowl (Barnard 144), in the vicinity of the star η Cygni. It takes the form of a slightly curled oval in the shape of the letter S. When we look into this region, we are actually looking along the spiral arm of our Galaxy, the Orion arm. Its edge curves toward the center in the Swan, while on the other side of the sky, in the Ship's Back and in the constellation Sail, it points away from the center.
|
||||
|
||||
A very interesting region is that around the star Deneb. The Great Rift ends here, the two main streams of the Milky Way join each other in a rather complicated way, and the Milky Way itself continues on with only one branch. The dark region centred roughly between Deneb and Gamma Cygni is called the Northern Coal Sack (LDN 896). To the east of it is a conspicuous star cloud that lies roughly in the region between the stars ξ, 57, 59 and 68 Cygni. It includes the well-known emission nebula North America. A long and narrow, but striking black rift cuts into the cloud from the north (from the α - η Cephei junction). It includes a very dark, oval-shaped region four to six degrees wide (Le Gentil 3), visually perhaps even darker than the sky itself, and containing not a single star visible to the naked eye. It is indeed black as coal and looks like a hole in the sky. After the Southern Cross Coal Sack and the Hadonous Pipe, it is perhaps the easiest dark nebula to observe in the sky. Yet in excellent viewing spots it does not disappear from the sky even with a ten-day-old Moon, especially if the atmosphere is so clear that scattering of moonlight in the atmosphere is minimal and there is no more light pollution.
|
||||
|
||||
The dark nebula continues in the form of a narrow section further on (Funnel nebula - Chimney) less distinctly, but uniformly with a constant width of one degree across the star ρ Cygni crossing the Milky Way, and at the other edge it passes smoothly into its surroundings. The optical binary ω Cygni is visible as a solitary hazy spot above Deneb. About four degrees east of Deneb, you can try to see an inconspicuous half-degree fog spot, in this case the open cluster M39, under good conditions. This is the centre of a small local brightening, located in the western half of another white star cloud. This is oblong in shape and on the other side extends to the northeastern limits of the constellation of the Lizard. It is perhaps comparable in size and brightness to the one in the western part of the Swan (there is no more conspicuous formation further out). Its brightness is uneven at first sight. The first conspicuous oval-shaped dark spot, Barnard 168 (Dark Cigar), in which no stars are visible to the naked eye, is four degrees slightly southeast just off M39. It has sharp edges and contrasts with its surroundings - a truly vast cloud of dusty material that prevents us from seeing into the more distant parts of the Galaxy.
|
||||
|
|
@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
|
|||
---
|
||||
name: Delphinus
|
||||
created_by: skybber
|
||||
created_date: 2021-06-20 18:23:40.348382
|
||||
updated_by: skybber
|
||||
updated_date: 2021-06-20 18:23:40.348590
|
||||
---
|
||||
A small but striking constellation in the northern sky, located between Pegasus and Eagle - near the bright star Altair. It lies just off the eastern edge of the summer Milky Way in the direction of the body of Eagle. The four stars of the constellations α, β, γ, and δ Delphin (all 3.5-4.5mag brightness) form a distinctive parallelogram that looks a bit like an open cluster and is sometimes called Job's Ark. Since the stars η Del (5.38mag) and ε Del (4.3mag) also lie nearby, the constellation takes on a nice shape that novice observers sometimes mistake for the Pleiades or the Little Dipper. The constellation, although it lies on the edge of the Milky Way, does not contain such objects as open clusters or emission nebulae. It is dominated by planetary clusters, globular clusters and a few galaxies. The most beautiful object, however, is undoubtedly the easily distinguishable binary γ Del.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
|
|||
---
|
||||
name: Dorado
|
||||
created_by: skybber
|
||||
created_date: 2021-06-20 18:25:05.532409
|
||||
updated_by: skybber
|
||||
updated_date: 2021-06-20 18:25:05.532777
|
||||
---
|
||||
|
||||
A faint and minor constellation of the southern sky south of Malir, not rising in our area. The essentially inconspicuous region lies between the bright stars Canopus and Achernar. There is only one star brighter than fourth magnitude. However, if we look closely, we can see a bright white cloud on the boundary of the constellation with Table Mountain - the Large Magellanic Cloud. The constellation also contains the south pole of the ecliptic.
|
||||
|
|
@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
|
|||
---
|
||||
name: Draco
|
||||
created_by: skybber
|
||||
created_date: 2022-02-04 20:42:28.219953
|
||||
updated_by: skybber
|
||||
updated_date: 2022-02-04 20:43:12.712838
|
||||
---
|
||||
A large, but not the brightest constellation in the North Pole region, which we can admire in our sky every clear night because it never sets. It is composed mostly of medium bright and fainter stars that form an almost semicircle around Polaris. The head of Draco is made up of the stars γ (Etamine), β (Alwaid), ξ and ν Draconis and is a rather striking star pattern, from which the bright Vega from the constellation Lyra shines not far away. The body is spread between two celestial bears. The brightest star, Thuban, Polaris at the time of the building of the pyramids, lies at the centre of the conjunction of the stars Kochab of the Little Bear and Mizar of the Big Bear. The dragon is the eighth largest constellation, and despite lying further away from the Milky Way, it hides many deepsky objects. They are mostly faint galaxies, many of interesting appearance, but there are also some nice binaries that can be resolved with a trier or small telescope. In Draco, we also find the extremely bright planetary nebula NGC 6543, known as the Cat's Eye. Not far from it lies the north pole of the ecliptic.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
|
|||
---
|
||||
name: Equuleus
|
||||
created_by: skybber
|
||||
created_date: 2021-06-26 08:36:59.310890
|
||||
updated_by: skybber
|
||||
updated_date: 2021-06-26 08:36:59.311162
|
||||
---
|
||||
The smallest constellation in the northern sky and the second smallest constellation in the sky after the Southern Cross, but much harder to identify. The group of 4mag and 5mag stars that make it up lie between Enif of Pegasus, Delphinus and Aquarius, just above the celestial equator. The constellation is poor in interesting objects as well as the stars themselves. It contains only a few very faint galaxies and a handful of binaries.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
|
|||
---
|
||||
name: Eridanus
|
||||
created_by: skybber
|
||||
created_date: 2021-06-26 08:38:10.312169
|
||||
updated_by: skybber
|
||||
updated_date: 2021-06-26 08:38:10.312464
|
||||
---
|
||||
A large constellation of the southern sky lying southwest of Orion. This, the sixth largest constellation, winds its way across a respectable portion of the sky in the evening in late autumn and during the winter: it originates at the bright Rigel in Orion and winds its way further down to the west and south. Of all the constellations, it has the greatest range of declination (60 degrees). The water stream is mostly made up of 3rd and 4th magnitude stars, so that it is lost in places if you are not looking closely. The mouth of the river is marked by the first magnitude star Achernar, which is not visible from our latitudes because it lies at a declination of almost -60˚. There are many galaxies in Eridanus, the most visually beautiful of which are NGC 1232 and NGC 1300.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
|
|||
---
|
||||
name: Fornax
|
||||
created_by: skybber
|
||||
created_date: 2021-06-26 08:40:25.123874
|
||||
updated_by: skybber
|
||||
updated_date: 2021-06-26 08:40:25.124219
|
||||
---
|
||||
|
||||
An inconspicuous constellation of the southern sky west of the banks of the celestial river Eridanus. Not observable from northern Europe. Although the constellation is unremarkable when viewed with the naked eye or a binocular, it is not just a small inconspicuous region of the sky marked by a single fourth magnitude star. There are many faint galaxies here, most of which are assigned to Fornax, one of the closest galaxy clusters, 55 million light-years away. It lies in the southern part on the border with Eridania. It contains about 18 galaxies, the brightest of which is NGC 1316. The constellation also contains one member of the Local Group, an irregular dwarf galaxy of extremely low areal brightness known as the Fornax system.
|
||||
|
|
@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
|
|||
---
|
||||
name: Gemini
|
||||
created_by: skybber
|
||||
created_date: 2021-06-26 08:42:45.281861
|
||||
updated_by: skybber
|
||||
updated_date: 2021-06-26 08:42:45.282197
|
||||
---
|
||||
The constellation of the northern sky, which the Sun passes through after the summer solstice from 21 June to 19 July, therefore rises high above the horizon in winter. The constellation's bright stars form an irregular rectangle between Cancer and Taurus. The pair of brightest stars that reach first sidereal magnitude are called Kastor and Pollux. They are quite different: the brighter and closer Pollux is a lonely orange giant, without guides or points of interest. Kastor is a little fainter, but is an impressive star system, and so is in turn one of the most interesting stars in the sky. The constellation is crossed by the winter Milky Way on its western edge, so it offers a wide variety of celestial objects: from emission and planetary nebulae and open clusters to binaries and variable stars. The most impressive of these are the large open cluster M35, which is the most beautiful of its kind in our winter sky after the Hyades and Pleiades, and the bright planetary nebula Eskimo. In the latter part of the constellation, outside the Milky Way, lie quite a number of faint galaxies. Great discoveries have been made in Gemini in the past. Near the star η Geminorum, William Herschel discovered Uranus, the first planet of the modern era, in 1781. Near the star δ Geminorum, Clyde Tombaugh found Pluto again in 1930.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
|
|||
---
|
||||
name: Grus
|
||||
created_by: skybber
|
||||
created_date: 2021-06-26 08:44:02.032917
|
||||
updated_by: skybber
|
||||
updated_date: 2021-06-26 08:44:02.033163
|
||||
---
|
||||
|
||||
A fairly prominent constellation of the southern sky in the shape of an inverted cross, below the bright Fomalhaut of the Southern Fish. With a little imagination in the distribution of the stars, we can see a flying crane with its legs spread back, neck stretched out and head held high. Only the northernmost part is visible in our evening sky. For observers with smaller binoculars, apart from a few binaries, the constellation is poor in objects, although for instruments with binoculars with a lens diameter of around 200 mm it has some nice extragalactic objects. In the northeastern part of the constellation, north of the star θ Gruis, there is a small group of 10th to 11th magnitude galaxies, most of which are spiral galaxies: NGC 7410, 7424, 7552 and 7590.
|
||||
|
|
@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
|
|||
---
|
||||
name: Hercules
|
||||
created_by: skybber
|
||||
created_date: 2021-06-26 08:45:02.834564
|
||||
updated_by: skybber
|
||||
updated_date: 2021-06-26 08:45:02.834814
|
||||
---
|
||||
A large constellation of the northern sky typical of summer evenings, the northern part of which is circumpolar in our latitudes. Hercules is found roughly in a triangle, the vertices of which are Vega of Lyra, Ras Alhague of Hadonos, and Gemma of the Northern Crown. In the eastern part of the constellation, towards the star ν Her, is the apex - the point to which the Sun approaches in relation to the surrounding stars. It was discovered in 1783 by William Herschel on a relatively small set of stars. The speed at which the Sun moves towards the apex relative to the surrounding stars is nearly 20 km/s.
|
||||
|
||||
Hercules occupies an impressive area of the sky and, despite the fact that it doesn't have a single bright star, it is quite striking. The body of Hercules is marked by four stars: ε, ζ, η and π Hercules, which form a quadrilateral called a "flowerpot". From it, then, the individual chains of stars radiate out to the southwest and southeast, as well as to the northwest and northeast. On the western side of the flowerpot, at about 2/3 of the distance between ζ and η Hercules, lies the brightest globular cluster in the northern sky, M13, visible to the naked eye under favourable conditions. Also worthy of attention are another globular cluster, M92, and the pretty blue-green planetary NGC 6210, several colourful binaries and many galaxies, most of which belong to the outlying Hercules galaxy cluster designated C1 0024 - 1654. It is the densest known cluster, with up to 70 galaxies per square degree in its central regions.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
|
|||
---
|
||||
name: Horologium
|
||||
created_by: skybber
|
||||
created_date: 2021-06-26 10:24:43.749301
|
||||
updated_by: skybber
|
||||
updated_date: 2021-06-26 10:24:43.749520
|
||||
---
|
||||
|
||||
A small constellation of the southern sky lying below Eridanus, an indistinct group of stars east of its brightest star, Achernar. In our latitudes, only their northernmost part rises about 1 degree above the southern horizon in late autumn and early winter. The clock has only one star brighter than fourth magnitude and could easily have been placed in any of its neighboring constellations. There are various faint galaxies, the most interesting object being the globular cluster NGC 1261.
|
||||
|
|
@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
|
|||
---
|
||||
name: Hydra
|
||||
created_by: skybber
|
||||
created_date: 2021-06-29 07:04:57.175158
|
||||
updated_by: skybber
|
||||
updated_date: 2021-06-29 07:04:57.175389
|
||||
---
|
||||
After the star pattern of the Argo was split, Hydra became the largest constellation in the sky. It is an extraordinarily long constellation, stretching more than six hours in rectangular time, across 1/4 of the celestial sphere, roughly below the ecliptic. The head of Hydra borders the Little Dog on its western edge, so it can be observed even on winter evenings. The tail winds under the Sextant, Cup, Raven, Virgo, and ends up under the constellation Libra, which is a transitional constellation between spring and summer. One could almost say that when the head of Hydra sets, the tail is just rising. This is especially so in northern Europe. The head of Hydra is an attractive and striking stellar cluster of the constants δ, ε, ζ, η, ρ and σ Hydra (which have nothing in common with each other apart from this) lying north of the celestial equator, which fits within the field of view of most 7×50 triads. Its heart is formed by the red-orange star Alfard. The winding tail, best seen on clear dark nights because it contains mostly only 4-5mag stars, ends at the star 58 Hydra, southwest of σ Librae of Libra.
|
||||
|
||||
Although the constellation extends outside the Milky Way, its size means that it contains a variety of remarkable objects. Most of these are galaxies, of course, but many are brighter than 10mag. Hydra also contains some nice planetary nebulae, a couple of globular clusters and one nice open cluster. Three objects are also in Messier's catalogue: M48, M68 and M83. The constellation also contains the galaxy cluster Hydra, one of the densest galaxy clusters. Its brightest member is the galaxy NGC 3311 (10.9mag).
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
|
|||
---
|
||||
name: Hydrus
|
||||
created_by: skybber
|
||||
created_date: 2021-06-29 07:06:31.563419
|
||||
updated_by: skybber
|
||||
updated_date: 2021-06-29 07:06:31.563775
|
||||
---
|
||||
|
||||
A minor constellation near the south celestial pole, near Achernar of Eridania. It takes the form of an isosceles triangle that lies between the Large and Small Magellanic Clouds. The Water Serpent is not visible at our latitudes.
|
||||
|
|
@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
|
|||
---
|
||||
name: Indus
|
||||
created_by: skybber
|
||||
created_date: 2021-06-29 07:07:25.645155
|
||||
updated_by: skybber
|
||||
updated_date: 2021-06-29 07:07:25.645418
|
||||
---
|
||||
|
||||
A small and faint constellation of the southern sky surrounded by a trio of feathered constellations: the Crane, the Toucan, the Peacock, and straying to near the south pole of the sky. It is probably difficult to imagine a North American Indian in the few obscure stars of this constellation. The slightly more conspicuous Peacock, whose brightest star, Peacock, lies in close proximity to the Indian, may serve as a guide to locating the constellation. This constellation is not visible here.
|
||||
|
|
@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
|
|||
---
|
||||
name: Lacerta
|
||||
created_by: skybber
|
||||
created_date: 2021-06-29 07:08:38.734450
|
||||
updated_by: skybber
|
||||
updated_date: 2021-06-29 07:08:38.734687
|
||||
---
|
||||
A faint minor constellation of the northern sky, lying on the edge of the Milky Way between Swan, Pegasus, Cepheus and Andromeda. The northern part is circumpolar in our latitudes, southernmost except for northern Europe. This constellation consists only of a zigzag chain of faint stars denoted by Arabic numerals, so that the Lizard is rather faint. Since its northern half lies in the Milky Way, it contains several open clusters suitable for small telescopes. The constellation is interesting because three novae were observed in it in the 20th century: in 1910, 1936, and 1950. The 1936 one (CP Lacertae) flared in the northernmost part of the constellation and was known as "Nova Lacertae". It was discovered on June 16 of the same year by the Czech astronomer Záviš Bochníček, who also worked in Slovakia. At the time of the flare, it reached a brightness of 2.2mag in three days, which was 175,000 times its original brightness and 300,000 times the brightness of the Sun. It was a typical example of a so-called fast nova. To this day, it has become a faint white dwarf of 14.8mag, unobservable with ordinary amateur telescopes. It's 5,400 light years away. Nova 1910 (DI Lac) reached a brightness of 4.3mag. The faintest of these was the 1950 nova (DK Lac), which brightened to 5mag.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
|
|||
---
|
||||
name: Leo minor
|
||||
created_by: skybber
|
||||
created_date: 2021-06-29 07:24:21.661202
|
||||
updated_by: skybber
|
||||
updated_date: 2021-06-29 07:24:21.661497
|
||||
---
|
||||
A small and faint constellation of the northern sky that fills the space between the crescent of Leo to the south, Lynx to the west, and the hind legs of the Great Bear to the north and east. It is a faint, filler constellation with only seven stars brighter than 5mag. Only one star bears Bayer's designation - β Leo Minor, the others are designated by Flamsteed numbers. Apart from a few faint galaxies, the constellation contains no objects of interest. A few of them, mostly of 11th magnitude, can be seen in 200-250 mm binoculars as tiny nebulous clouds.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
|
|||
---
|
||||
name: Leo
|
||||
created_by: skybber
|
||||
created_date: 2021-06-29 07:18:34.329773
|
||||
updated_by: skybber
|
||||
updated_date: 2021-06-29 07:18:34.330039
|
||||
---
|
||||
A prominent animal constellation located mostly in the northern sky. Together with Shepherd and Virgo, it is one of the most famous constellations of the spring sky. The main group of stars is an easily recognisable six - Ras Elazed Australis, Ras Elazed Borealis, Adhafera, Algieba, η Leonis and Regulus - forming the so-called crescent, an inverted question mark or crescent representing the lion's head and chest. The main skeleton of the constellation is then formed by three other bright stars - Zosma and Chertan, with the bright Denebola completing the tail. In Ancient Greece, the faint stars of the constellation of Berenice's Hair were also considered to be the end of this tail, which did not become definitively independent until the 16th century. Leo is a typical constellation outside the Milky Way crowded with galaxies. A fair number of them represent fairly distinctive objects, in one relatively close group of galaxies. Five of them are also in the famous Messier catalogue: M65, M66, M95, M96 and M105. The first four in particular are quite visible in small telescopes, or in light sorters and binoculars, under favourable observing conditions. However, we must not forget the others from the "anonymous" NGC catalogue, as some of them could easily be included in the much better known catalogue of Charles Messier.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
|
|||
---
|
||||
name: Lepus
|
||||
created_by: skybber
|
||||
created_date: 2021-07-10 08:30:38.421929
|
||||
updated_by: skybber
|
||||
updated_date: 2021-07-10 08:30:38.422179
|
||||
---
|
||||
A small but relatively prominent constellation in the southern sky, lying just below Orion. The constellation is not hard to find as it is a fairly distinctive grouping of brighter constellations. Because of its more southerly declination, however, we must wait for its culmination to best see its objects. For a triad or small telescope, however, only the globular cluster M79 and the blood-red crimson star of Hind are worth the effort to find.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
|
|||
---
|
||||
name: Libra
|
||||
created_by: skybber
|
||||
created_date: 2021-06-29 07:26:02.263188
|
||||
updated_by: skybber
|
||||
updated_date: 2021-06-29 07:26:02.263434
|
||||
---
|
||||
2,000 years ago, Libra symbolized the autumnal equinox and had a practical meaning - it marked the time for peasants to sow their winter crops. They were therefore very important for life. The sign of Libra and the autumnal equinox are currently located in Virgo, where the precession of the Earth's axis has shifted them. The Sun currently passes through Libra from October 31 to November 22. The brightest stars of the constellation form a pattern of an irregular quadrilateral south of the celestial equator, lying symmetrically with respect to the ecliptic between Virgo and Scorpio. Libra lies outside the Milky Way, so it does not contain open star clusters and diffuse nebulae, but rather quite a few faint galaxies. There are also a few attractive binaries and one very loose Class XI globular cluster.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
|
|||
---
|
||||
name: Lupus
|
||||
created_by: skybber
|
||||
created_date: 2021-06-29 07:25:14.221918
|
||||
updated_by: skybber
|
||||
updated_date: 2021-06-29 07:34:04.120598
|
||||
---
|
||||
Constellation of the southern sky, in our latitudes only its northern part rises above the horizon. The constellation is only beginning to be clearly visible from the southern regions of the Mediterranean. The Wolf lies on the northeastern edge of the southern Milky Way between Scorpius and Centaurus, below Libra. Its pattern is made up of several 2nd and 3rd magnitude stars, most of which belong to the vast Scorpio-Centaurus stellar association. Many of them are binaries, as can be seen in a small telescope: ε, κ (3.9mag, 5.8mag, 26.8"), μ, η (3.6mag, 7.6mag, 15") π (4 , 6mag, 4.7mag, 1.4") and ξ Lupi (5.3mag, 5.8mag, 10.4"). Like other constellations in the Milky Way, the Wolf harbors several open clusters, the brightest of which is the large NGC 5822, visible even to the trier near ζ Lupi. We also find a few planetary nebulae, globular clusters and galaxies.
|
||||
|
||||
In a constellation that is all adorned with the rich structure of the Milky Way near its center, there is a very remarkable dark nebula called Barnard 228. This thin but up to four degrees long dust belt can be found near the stars ψ1 and ψ2 Lupi. It looks like a narrow dark channel in the stellar field and is best seen in wide fields of large binaries that enhance the contrast between the dark nebulae and the surrounding Milky Way. Finding it in the field of view is not difficult, just move the telescope slowly eastward from the stars of ψ Lupi.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
|
|||
---
|
||||
name: Lynx
|
||||
created_by: skybber
|
||||
created_date: 2021-06-29 09:39:26.370879
|
||||
updated_by: skybber
|
||||
updated_date: 2021-06-29 09:39:26.371108
|
||||
---
|
||||
A faint constellation in the northern sky with no brighter stars. It is located north of the constellations of Cancer and Gemini. It is largely circumpolar in our latitudes, with only the southern parts falling below the horizon. The brightest star is α Lynx, which reaches 3mag. It is easy to find, forming a fairly large, almost equilateral triangle with the stars Pollux and Regulus. This is followed by 38 Lynx and 12 others brighter than 5mag. From an astronomical point of view, the constellation is one of the less interesting ones. It does not contain open clusters and nebulae. Only a few binaries, faint galaxies and one interesting distant globular cluster, the Intergalactic Wanderer, are worth mentioning.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
|
|||
---
|
||||
name: Lyra
|
||||
created_by: skybber
|
||||
created_date: 2021-06-29 09:40:28.546107
|
||||
updated_by: skybber
|
||||
updated_date: 2021-06-29 09:40:28.546441
|
||||
---
|
||||
Lyra is a typical, distinctive constellation of the northern summer sky, located on the edge of the Milky Way, between Hercules and the Swan, small but all the more interesting. The constellation is quite rich in interesting and pretty objects, especially for larger telescopes. The Ring Nebula - M57 - is a typical example of planetary nebulae. The star Sheliak is a representative of the group of occulting variable stars and the star ε Lyra is again one of the most observed multiple stars ever. Also attractive binaries for small telescopes are δ and ζ Lyra. At the junction of δ1 and δ2 Lyra, you may miss the inconspicuous open cluster Stephenson 1. It is made up of a loose cluster of 15 stars that can be observed in triads. It is one of our closest open clusters, so it is part of the spiral arm of Orion. For larger telescopes, NGC 6791 is again a beautiful open cluster and a chance to observe several galaxies.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
|
|||
---
|
||||
name: Mensa
|
||||
created_by: skybber
|
||||
created_date: 2021-06-29 09:43:40.525334
|
||||
updated_by: skybber
|
||||
updated_date: 2021-06-29 09:43:40.525571
|
||||
---
|
||||
|
||||
A small and faint constellation in close proximity to the south pole of the sky, therefore not visible at our latitudes. Table Mountain is the faintest constellation in the sky, with the brightest stars not exceeding fifth magnitude. Four of them form the main pattern of the constellation. Of the objects of note, only the Great Magellanic Cloud is worth mentioning, which partially extends here from the neighbouring Mečiar to the north.
|
||||
|
|
@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
|
|||
---
|
||||
name: Microscopium
|
||||
created_by: skybber
|
||||
created_date: 2021-06-29 13:07:40.537565
|
||||
updated_by: skybber
|
||||
updated_date: 2021-06-29 13:07:40.537805
|
||||
---
|
||||
|
||||
A small and faint constellation in the southern sky, a faint group of a few stars between the Southern Fish and Sagittarius, down below Capricorn. In our area, only its northern part rises above the horizon in late summer evenings. The microscope lies in a star-poor region of the sky, and none of its stars is brighter than 4.7mag. It contains no more than a few rather attractive binaries and a handful of faint galaxies.
|
||||
|
|
@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
|
|||
---
|
||||
name: Monoceros
|
||||
created_by: skybber
|
||||
created_date: 2021-06-29 13:08:19.314132
|
||||
updated_by: skybber
|
||||
updated_date: 2021-06-29 13:08:19.314325
|
||||
---
|
||||
A faint equatorial constellation composed of 4th magnitude stars that does not stand out much from its surroundings. It lies almost in the middle of the winter triangle of the bright stars Sirius, Betelgeuse, Procyon, between the Big Dog and the Little Dog in the Milky Way. The constellation is made up only of faint stars that fill the space between the much brighter constellations of the Big Dog, the Ship's Back, Hydra, the Little Dog, Gemini, and Orion. The Unicorn contains the very edge of the Milky Way, which is therefore relatively inconspicuous in the sky. You may find it rather monotonous and dull. However, the interstellar medium is much more transparent here than on the other side of the sky (Eagle and surroundings), so we can see much further and observe a variety of nebulae and star clusters. The most famous of these are the Rosette Nebula, the Cone Nebula, and the Hubble Variable Nebula - perhaps the most stunning of all to the visual observer. Of the open clusters, M50, NGC 2301 or the very rich NGC 2506 stand out. The almost forgotten star clusters Collinder 104 and 106 present a nice view in the triad.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
|
|||
---
|
||||
name: Musca
|
||||
created_by: skybber
|
||||
created_date: 2021-06-29 13:12:26.974967
|
||||
updated_by: skybber
|
||||
updated_date: 2021-06-29 13:12:26.975215
|
||||
---
|
||||
|
||||
A small constellation of the southern sky lying between the chameleons and the Southern Cross in the Milky Way, not visible from our latitudes. The constellation of the Fly is quite a striking feature, although apart from α muscae its stars do not exceed third magnitude. The star λ muscae is white and together with μ muscae, which is red, forms a contrasting pair in the triad. Of the deep-sky objects in the constellation, two globular clusters that are visible to the trier attract attention: NGC 4372 and NGC 4833, as well as a small portion of the dark Coal Sack Nebula that extends in from the neighboring Southern Cross. To the northwest of NGC 4372, there is again an interestingly curled dark filament a little bit of a degree in size - the Dark Doodad Nebula.
|
||||
|
|
@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
|
|||
---
|
||||
name: Norma
|
||||
created_by: skybber
|
||||
created_date: 2021-07-10 08:33:50.275312
|
||||
updated_by: skybber
|
||||
updated_date: 2021-07-10 08:33:50.275508
|
||||
---
|
||||
|
||||
A small and fainter constellation of the southern sky that does not rise above the horizon at our latitudes. It lies along the galactic equator between the Wolf and the Altar in the region where the Milky Way is again split by the Great Rift. The constellation is located in a rich part of the Milky Way and is therefore a good destination for a trier's walk across the sky. There is a striking star cloud here that is ivory white in colour. To the north of it, the Milky Way dissolves into an irregular and intricately complicated system interspersed with many brightenings and dark dust. The constellation's four brightest stars form a symmetrical trapezoid around which several open clusters are found. Two of them - NGC 6067 and 6087 - are usually visible as hazy patches without any optical aid. This small constellation is also lucky to have novae - one flared up here in 1893 and another appeared near here in 1920.
|
||||
|
|
@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
|
|||
---
|
||||
name: Octans
|
||||
created_by: skybber
|
||||
created_date: 2021-07-10 14:40:35.924163
|
||||
updated_by: skybber
|
||||
updated_date: 2021-07-10 14:40:35.924395
|
||||
---
|
||||
|
||||
A faint constellation in the southern sky, invisible to us, in which the south celestial pole lies. The Octant corresponds in position to the Little Chariot of the northern sky, but does not fulfill the role of Polaris, not having a star near the pole bright enough for orientation. The closest star to the south pole visible to the naked eye is Sigma Octantis, which has an apparent brightness of only 5.48mag. Octantis is a very star-poor region and of little interest to observers because it contains no bright deep-sky objects. The constellation is worthy of attention only because it contains the south celestial pole.
|
||||
|
|
@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
|
|||
---
|
||||
name: Ophiuchus
|
||||
created_by: skybber
|
||||
created_date: 2021-07-10 14:48:05.710581
|
||||
updated_by: skybber
|
||||
updated_date: 2021-07-10 14:48:05.710844
|
||||
---
|
||||
A large equatorial constellation of the summer sky, stretching between Hercules and Scorpio. The ecliptic passes through the southern part of Ophiuchus, which is why Ophiuchus is also sometimes referred to as the "13th constellation of the animal". The Sun is here in the first half of December each year, specifically from November 30 to December 17. Ophiuchus lies almost exactly in the middle of the sky: between the north and south poles and between the spring and autumn points.
|
||||
|
||||
There are five stars of magnitude greater than three in Ophiuchus, but it's an extremely spread out and uncluttered summer constellation, but well worth exploring with a good map and at least some sort of trier. In its northeastern part, a split branch of the summer Milky Way extends into it, while its southernmost parts delve into the rich region between Sagittarius and Scorpius, near the centre of the Galaxy. Because most globular clusters are concentrated around it, there are many - over 20 - in the constellation. Ophiuchus also contains typical Milky Way objects such as open clusters, emission and dark nebulae.
|
||||
|
||||
The most important and prominent dust complex is the large dark formation Pipe nebula (LDN 1773). Its mouthpiece is clearly visible as a roughly four-degree notch from the eastern side into a less conspicuous, but still easily visible bulge to the west of the Galactic plane. It is formed by the Barnard system of dark nebulae 77, 78, 59, 65, 66, 67 on the borders of Sagittarius, Ophiuchus and Scorpio and transforms in triads into a region virtually devoid of any bright stars. Start looking for the pipe about twelve degrees east of Antares at the line of three 3-4mag stars, the only really conspicuous ones in the area. The brightest of these - θ Ophiuchi - lies in the middle of this line. The head of the Pipe is located three degrees SSE of it, the mouthpiece extends two degrees down below θ Oph and terminates three and a half degrees southwest of 36 Ophiuchi, the westernmost star of the line. The globular cluster M19 also lies a short distance to the VSV.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
The plume, by the way, forms the hind legs and part of a much larger dark structure that has come to be referred to as the Dancing Horse, especially in Anglo-American countries. It can be found roughly midway between M24 and the star Antares and is easily seen, especially with the naked eye. The whole complex consists of the following parts: Barnard 64 and 259 (the nostrils of the horse), B 268 and 270 (the mane), B 47, 60 and 63 (the forelegs and the kupyto), B 262, 266 and 269 (the lower parts of the forebody), B 77 (the abdomen), B 78 (the hind part) and finally B 65-67 (the hind legs). The rider starts still in Ophiuchus and ends in Sagittarius near Trifid. We'll play with the dark nebulae some more. The surrealistically long extension of the horse's foreleg, winding down to the ρ Ophiuchi complex, also represents the so-called Dark River (B 44, 45, 46, 47, 51, 60, 253). This begins roughly at the star 22 Scorpii, is about half a degree wide and ten degrees long, gradually widening into a breaking chain of dark regions. All the while, this huge physically related complex is one of the darkest. The incoming starlight is dimmed by up to 30 magnitudes in some places. That's enough to keep us from seeing a massive supernova explode!
|
||||
|
||||
In the northern part of the constellation, the brightest part of the Milky Way is around the open cluster NGC 6633, which is visible to the naked eye as a distinctive circular spot. To the east of it is the angularly larger but less conspicuous cluster IC 4756, which may also be visible without binoculars. Stellar clusters 66, 67, 68, 70 and 73 Ophiuchi are arranged in a small V-shape. This is Poniatowski's Taurus, an old but no longer extant constellation introduced in 1777. To the northeast of it, and next to the star β Ophiuchi, lies another open cluster - IC 4665. To the naked eye, it appears as an unmissable moon-sized hazy spot on the edge of the Milky Way.
|
||||
|
|
@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
|
|||
---
|
||||
name: Orion
|
||||
created_by: skybber
|
||||
created_date: 2021-07-11 10:20:58.966916
|
||||
updated_by: skybber
|
||||
updated_date: 2021-07-11 10:20:58.967259
|
||||
---
|
||||
Orion is the jewel of our winter sky and of all the constellations it is the most prominent, impossible to miss. The basic outline of the constellation is made up of seven stars. The striking line of three 2mag stars touching the celestial equator is the belt of Orion, lying in the central part of the constellation and peaking during late winter evenings and during the cold January. The stars of the belt are called Mintaka, Alnilam and Alnitak. Between them are a handful of 5-8mag stars, collectively referred to as Collinder 70. Orion's right arm is marked by the star Betelgeuse, the left by Bellatrix. Rigel is located in the right knee, Saiph in the left. Below the belt hangs a sword formed by a line of three stars. Around the star θ Orionis, which is a wide double star discernible in triads and whose western companion θ1 Orionis is a known multiple star of the Trapezium system, the Great Nebula in Orion (M42) is visible to the naked eye. Above the Betelgeuse-Rigel conjunction lies a triangle of three stars that represents the head of the hunter. On the left side the arc of fainter stars resembles a club, on the right a hunter's shield.
|
||||
|
||||
Orion extends on both sides of the equator, so it is visible in its entirety except for areas close to the poles from most viewing points on Earth. The constellation offers a wide and rich collection of cosmic attractions, whether for telescopes or small triers. The main exhibit is the Great Nebula in Orion, considered by many to be the most beautiful diffuse nebula in the sky and one of the most beautiful objects visible in binoculars. Many other nebulae can be seen in the infinitely large complex of gas and dust that covers most of Orion. The entire region is interspersed with the interstellar medium and is thought to be the birthplace of stars. Many of the double, triple and multiple systems are mostly blue-white in color because they are young stars that have only recently been born in the Orion complex.
|
||||
|
||||
In the northern part of the constellation, the two branches of the Milky Way from Gemini and Taurus merge, and further out the Milky Way begins to gradually expand. On the eastern side it reaches almost to Procyon of the Little Dog in lateral view, while the western edge passes by the star Betelgeuse and is slightly more contrasted. Slightly to the northwest, the sparse open cluster Collinder 69 is visible to the naked eye, giving a hazy impression. It features a striking triangle of brighter stars λ (3mag), π1 and π2 Orionis (4mag). According to some observers, a large emission nebula, Sharpless 2-264, is visible to the naked eye in the very dark sky around them. This is surrounded by a ring about seven degrees in diameter consisting of a system of dark nebulae. It is no coincidence that it is therefore nicknamed, especially in photographs, the Ring around λ Orionis. But the truth lies somewhere in the middle. The nebula itself is covered by a mass of indistinguishable stars far beyond the limit of visibility, and the surrounding dark nebulae bordering the star cloud only give the impression of an artificial ring.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
|
|||
---
|
||||
name: Pavo
|
||||
created_by: skybber
|
||||
created_date: 2021-07-11 10:22:28.106270
|
||||
updated_by: skybber
|
||||
updated_date: 2021-07-11 10:22:28.106574
|
||||
---
|
||||
Not most prominently the constellation of the southern sky, between Sagittarius and the south celestial pole. Not visible here. The brightest star of the constellation α Pavona is usually referred to by the English name Peacock, which simply means "peacock".
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
|
|||
---
|
||||
name: Pegasus
|
||||
created_by: skybber
|
||||
created_date: 2021-07-11 10:23:32.523906
|
||||
updated_by: skybber
|
||||
updated_date: 2021-07-11 10:23:32.524119
|
||||
---
|
||||
A large constellation of the northern sky, lying outside the Milky Way in a star-poor region north of Aquarius and adjacent to Andromeda. Although the constellation lies next to the Milky Way, and in a relatively star-poor region, it is particularly notable for the so-called Great Square of Pegasus, which lies at the elongated junction of the rear wheels of the Big Dipper with Polaris and contains no stars brighter than 4th magnitude. It is made up of the stars Scheat, Markab, Algenib, and Sirrah of Andromeda, but which was also once part of Pegasus. At first glance, all four stars are approximately the same stellar size. Of the deepsky objects, the globular cluster M15 and the spiral galaxy NGC 7331, near which the popular Stéphane Quintet lies, are the best known. Other galaxies, which make up the majority of the constellation's objects, are faint and require dark skies and larger telescopes to become interesting in the field of view.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
|
|||
---
|
||||
name: Perseus
|
||||
created_by: skybber
|
||||
created_date: 2021-07-11 10:25:29.069328
|
||||
updated_by: skybber
|
||||
updated_date: 2021-07-11 10:29:11.425246
|
||||
---
|
||||
A prominent, in our partly circumpolar constellation of the northern sky, with four stars brighter than 3mag. It lies in the Milky Way between Charioteer and Andromeda, to the left below the Kasiopei pattern. The rich star field forms one of the spiral arms of our Galaxy, the Perseus Arm. Perseus is rich in objects typical of the Milky Way constellation, such as open star clusters and emission nebulae. But it also contains some interesting galaxies. Messier objects are represented in the open cluster M34 and the planetary nebula M76. The h / χ Perseus binary cluster - NGC 869 & NGC 884 and the triad-suitable Alpha Perseus mobile group, one of the closest open clusters to our Solar System, also catch our attention. The California Gas Nebula is also well known, although spotting it visually is not so easy for beginners.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
The Milky Way enters the constellation as a narrow path through the stars φ, 4 and 9 Perseus. However, if you go to some of the dimmer locations where even very faint stars are visible, you'll see much more detail. To the north of the Stock 2 cluster, a narrow dark bay cuts into the Milky Way, extending all the way to the star ε Cas, which transitions into a larger circular dimming towards the east. This forms a relatively sharp nebulous outlier of the Milky Way, disappearing somewhere near a pair of unnamed fourth-magnitude stars at the boundary of Giraffe, Cassiopeia and Perseus. The main stream continues between the open cluster M34 and the open cluster Melotte 20 at α Perseus, which contains several white sparkly stars. In the triad, the cluster breaks up into a belt of several dozen stars of varying brightness that almost covers the entire field of view. The brightest of these are ε, ψ, 29, 30, 31 and 34 Perseus. A very faint edge of the oval-shaped Milky Way is still between the ζ and ε stars of Perseus and is bounded by dark nebulae.
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
|
|||
---
|
||||
name: Phoenix
|
||||
created_by: skybber
|
||||
created_date: 2021-07-17 17:52:15.161132
|
||||
updated_by: skybber
|
||||
updated_date: 2021-07-17 17:52:15.161448
|
||||
---
|
||||
A constellation of the southern sky lying outside the Milky Way between Fomalhaut of the Southern Fish and Achernar of Eridanus. Only the northern part of the constellation rises 1 degree above the horizon during the autumn months. Just above the horizon the whole constellation appears only in the southern regions of the Mediterranean. With the exception of the star SX Phoenicia, Phoenix contains essentially no objects of interest. In this part of the sky, however, a view of the world of distant (faint) galaxies is uncovered. The quartet of NGC 87-88-89 and NGC 92, 180 million light-years away, is a tour of different types of star systems in large telescopes: NGC 87 is an irregular galaxy, NGC 88 is a spiral galaxy with an outer gas envelope, NGC 89 has two distinctive broad arms, and NGC 92 has one exceptionally long spiral arm.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
|
|||
---
|
||||
name: Pictor
|
||||
created_by: skybber
|
||||
created_date: 2021-07-17 17:53:14.155703
|
||||
updated_by: skybber
|
||||
updated_date: 2021-07-17 17:53:14.155996
|
||||
---
|
||||
A smaller and less prominent constellation in the southern sky, not visible here. This monotonous group of stars lies below the dove, just west of the very bright star Canopus in the constellation of the keel. The most famous object in this small southern constellation is Kapteyn's Star, the red dwarf closest to Earth and space. A source of radiation that can be observed at a frequency of 18.3 MHz. In 1925, an unusual nova appeared in the constellation of Painter. At the time of its discovery, it was 2nd magnitude, but gradually brightened to 1st magnitude. It then gradually faded, only to brighten again two months after its first maximum.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
|
|||
---
|
||||
name: Pisces
|
||||
created_by: skybber
|
||||
created_date: 2021-07-17 17:54:48.746398
|
||||
updated_by: skybber
|
||||
updated_date: 2021-07-17 17:56:28.282327
|
||||
---
|
||||
A large, faint constellation of the zodiac lying almost entirely in the northern sky between Aries and Aquarius. On its long journey along the ecliptic, the Sun enters the constellation of Pisces on March 11 and remains there until April 17, so it is best seen in the evening sky from October to December. In the constellation south of the star ω Piscium lies the vernal point - the intersection of the ecliptic with the celestial equator. It is the point where the Sun passes through the celestial equator and heads further into the northern hemisphere. It is the time of the vernal equinox, which occurs annually around March 21. In the northern hemisphere it marks the beginning of spring, in the southern hemisphere it marks the beginning of autumn. This intersection is also the starting point of the celestial longitude coordinate - the rectangular line is calculated from it. Declination, or the equivalent of latitude, is calculated from the celestial equator. As a result of precession, the position of the spring point changes. More than 2000 years ago, this imaginary point was located in the constellation Aries.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
From the perspective of the ordinary amateur astronomer eager to see a few cosmic beauties, this constellation is not very interesting. The line of fainter V-shaped stars encircling Pegasus square in the illuminated city can only be discerned with certainty once the atmosphere has been cleared, and even under the darker skies of the countryside no deep-sky object was seen in the triad. Indeed, Pisces lies quite far from the Milky Way belt, and although it occupies a good portion of the sky, it includes only a few nice binaries, some of which are color contrast pairs. There is no shortage of faint, relatively small galaxies, some visible in ordinary 200mm binoculars as hazy patches of light, but visually uninteresting in larger amateur telescopes. The most beautiful formation of the constellation is probably the ring of seven stars of about 4th magnitude, sometimes called the Ring Ornament. It represents the head of the more southerly placed fish and consists of the stars γ, κ, λ, ι, θ, 7 and 19 Piscium. The eastern fish is marked by the stars σ to φ Piscium.
|
||||
|
|
@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
|
|||
---
|
||||
name: Piscis austrinus
|
||||
created_by: skybber
|
||||
created_date: 2021-07-17 17:59:29.396052
|
||||
updated_by: skybber
|
||||
updated_date: 2021-07-17 17:59:29.396329
|
||||
---
|
||||
A small constellation in the southern sky that we would hardly notice if it were not for Fomalhaut, the main blue-white star of the first magnitude. The other stars are faint, and because the Southern Pisces lies further from the Milky Way, it is not rich in objects other than galaxies. In addition, their southern location makes clear clear nights and a dark horizon in the south an absolute necessity to observe them from virtually any observing position in Europe.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
|
|||
---
|
||||
name: Puppis
|
||||
created_by: skybber
|
||||
created_date: 2021-07-17 18:01:28.590886
|
||||
updated_by: skybber
|
||||
updated_date: 2021-07-17 18:01:28.591236
|
||||
---
|
||||
A large constellation of the southern sky, the bulk of which rises above the horizon in our latitudes during the winter and spring months. The stern lies south of Procyon, below the Unicorn. It is bounded on the west by the Great Dog, on the east by the constellation of Compass, and can be observed entirely from the Mediterranean regions. The stern lies east and southeast of the Big Dog and the Milky Way passes through it. Because the dust clouds are relatively diffuse in this direction across the plane of our Galaxy, we can see outward to the galactic edge for long distances. As a result, the Boat's Back is very rich in diverse open clusters whose shape is very different at first glance. Some are very large and relaxed, more suitable for a triad, some are relatively large and very rich and suitable for a small telescope, and some are faint and distant, requiring a larger telescope to see them better. The brightest of these is M47, easily visible to the naked eye as a hazy patch to the east of Sirius, next to another cluster, M46.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
From the open cluster M93 (an inconspicuous fogspot), a bright, bright Milky Way belt stretches towards the interface of the Aft, Sails and Compass. The first brightening is in the north of M93, around the stars ξ and ο Pupp. The next one, slightly larger and brighter, is in the southern part, where a number of faint purchased stars can be seen. The clusters Collinder 121 and 132 appear to be merely rich star field densifications. To the west of the bright Milky Way belt is a fairly conspicuous dark region that continues on into the constellation Plachet and breaks up there. The area around the bright star π Puppy (2.7mag) looks very hazy and spotty. It is the brightest member of the large and poorly condensed open cluster Collinder 135, which is made up of 30 stars of a wide range of magnitudes in an area of one degree. At the northern boundary of the cluster lies a trio of bright fifth-magnitude blue stars. An even more striking brightening is found above the conjunction of the stars π and ζ Pupp. Individual stars also emerge from it. The brightest of these, the orange c Puppy (3.7mag), is part of the bright and relaxed cluster NGC 2451. In its vicinity lies another remarkable open cluster, NGC 2477 (5.7mag), very similar to M46 or NGC 7789 of Cassiopeia.
|
||||
|
|
@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
|
|||
---
|
||||
name: Pyxis
|
||||
created_by: skybber
|
||||
created_date: 2021-07-17 18:04:40.391224
|
||||
updated_by: skybber
|
||||
updated_date: 2021-07-17 18:04:40.391537
|
||||
---
|
||||
A small and faint constellation of the southern sky, situated about 35 degrees below the head of Hydra, between the Bulge and the Ship's Back. The brightest stars of the constellation Compass α (3.68mag), β (3.97mag) and γ Pyxidis (4.01mag) lie almost in a straight line. The constellation is poor for observers with a binocular or small telescope, but there are a few fainter open clusters, galaxies and planetary nebulae.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
|
|||
---
|
||||
name: Reticulum
|
||||
created_by: skybber
|
||||
created_date: 2021-07-19 17:55:02.112427
|
||||
updated_by: skybber
|
||||
updated_date: 2021-07-19 17:55:02.112737
|
||||
---
|
||||
A small, relatively prominent constellation in the southern sky, but not observable in our latitudes. The bright stars form a diamond pattern between Dove and Swordfish, close to the Great Magellanic Cloud, halfway between the bright stars Achernar and Canopus. All the brighter stars of the constellation, except α reticulata, which is yellow, are orange in colour, giving this small constellation a rather striking appearance in the triad. Otherwise, there are no interesting deep-sky objects.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
|
|||
---
|
||||
name: Sagitta
|
||||
created_by: skybber
|
||||
created_date: 2021-07-19 17:56:06.338203
|
||||
updated_by: skybber
|
||||
updated_date: 2021-07-19 17:56:06.338611
|
||||
---
|
||||
The third smallest constellation in the northern sky, located in the rich Milky Way in the Summer Orientation Triangle. Although the constellation consists of only 3rd and 4th magnitude stars, it can be found immediately. It is rendered by the stars α, γ, δ, and ε Sagittae, which indeed resemble the shape of an ancient arrow, located 10 degrees SSE of Altair of Orleans. The arrow lies along the eastern branch of the summer Milky Way - between Eagle and Fox. Its star field is especially nice in triads, binars and eyepieces of telescopes with a large field of view: a wealth of 6-9mag stars are scattered in a faint faint "glow". The constellation contains one of Messier's objects, the globular cluster M71, and a few interesting variable stars. "A little bit of each roll" is also found here, along with a few clusters, emission or planetary nebulae, and binaries.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
|
|||
---
|
||||
name: Sagittarius
|
||||
created_by: skybber
|
||||
created_date: 2021-07-22 18:37:57.308352
|
||||
updated_by: skybber
|
||||
updated_date: 2021-07-22 18:49:02.262990
|
||||
---
|
||||
A large and very rich in bright objects zodiac constellation in the southern sky between Scorpio and Capricornus. Especially in North America, the striking pattern of bright stars, none of which exceeds 1st magnitude, has been named "Teapot" after its shape. It consists of a group of eight stars, γ, δ, ε, ζ, τ, ρ, π and λ Sagittario. The Sun passes through Sagittarius from December 18 to January 19, at the time of the winter solstice. The best time to observe the objects of this constellation is therefore in summer. However, it lies far enough south that its southernmost parts do not come into view for us, and the very centre of the Galaxy is only a few degrees above the horizon, so we are deprived of some fantastic views.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
The most important fact about the constellation Sagittarius is that in that direction, at a distance of 27,000 light-years, lies the core of our Galaxy, and in front of it, one of its spiral arms, the Arm of Sagittarius. The exact position of the centre is identified with the position of the Sagittarius A radio source and is given by a rectangular value of 17h 42.5min and a declination of -28˚ 59'. In the sky, this point is about 4 degrees WNW of the star γ Sagitttario. However, we will never see it within the distance of the galactic centre because it is obscured by the huge clouds of interstellar dust lying along the spiral plane of our Galaxy. Astronomers have estimated that stars in the region near the galactic centre are dimmed by up to 27 magnitudes! The brightest visually visible star clouds are therefore located a little further north and east, and represent a kind of cross-section of dark dust clouds.
|
||||
|
||||
This is exemplified by the Milky Way's most extensive and brightest cloud ever, the Large Cloud in Sagittarius, visible in part on clear, clear nights perhaps even from our latitudes. It is part of the central bulge and is practically the most distant structure in our Galaxy that can be seen without a telescope. The faintest stars of the cloud lie about 20,000 light years away. In the sky, the cloud has an elongated shape with an average width of about three and a half degrees and a length like the conjunction of the stars μ Sagittario and λ Scorpii. While it is always a bit of an exaggeration to talk about distinct colours, note that it has a yellowish tint. To the west of the Great Cloud there is a dark band with intricate edges about one and a half degrees wide, extending from the boundary with the constellation of the Serpent to the tail of Scorpius. In some places its boundary is sharply defined; in others it passes smoothly into its surroundings, and the exact limits are difficult to determine.
|
||||
|
||||
In the immediate vicinity of the Great Cloud two conspicuous oval nebulae are visible to the naked eye - the Laguna and Trifid nebulae. One of the most interesting places in the entire Milky Way is hidden behind a very distinctive brightening in the form of the Small Cloud in Sagittarius M24. It lies in a milky region about five degrees in width, running north from the Large Cloud towards the Shield, which merges smoothly into its surroundings on the west side and contains several small dark bays on the east. M24 represents only a very small part of the structure of the spiral arm of the Ruler, which, together with the Sagittarius arm, forms the two main spiral arms of our Galaxy. It starts near the galactic center about 10,000 light-years from the Sun, rotates around, disappears behind it, and only appears after the Perseus arm.
|
||||
|
||||
M24 is more than easy to find in the sky about two degrees north of the star μ Sagittario because it is a very conspicuous object. In the triad it is seen as a hazy white region of uniform brightness and 1x2 degrees in size, from which a few faint stars stand out. It is most conspicuous and contrasted in its eastern part, and best delineated along the southeast, northeast, and northwest sides. In addition, a pair of textbook dark nebulae, Barnard 92 and 93, are located in close proximity. South of M24 lies a small but conspicuous dark smudge and a cluster of stars 15, 16 and 17 Sgr that cannot be individually resolved. The environment is finally completed by another blurred circular spot half a degree in diameter, the open cluster M25 (4.6mag).
|
||||
|
||||
The arm of Sagittarius continues southward through the constellations of Sagittarius and Scorpius to the constellation of the Ship's Keel. Most of the famous and beautiful nebulae or star clusters that can be seen in this part of the sky are therefore located in this arm. It includes a large molecular cloud, on the edges of which we observe the well-known emission nebulae M8, M16, M17 or M20, the open clusters M18, M21 or the association around NGC 6231. It also includes, for example, the star cluster NGC 6193 from the Altar, the nebula Eta Carinae from the constellation of the Ship's Keel or the Jewel Box in the Southern Cross.
|
||||
|
|
@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
|
|||
---
|
||||
name: Scorpius
|
||||
created_by: skybber
|
||||
created_date: 2021-07-25 07:37:03.465607
|
||||
updated_by: skybber
|
||||
updated_date: 2021-07-25 07:37:48.254753
|
||||
---
|
||||
A very prominent constellation of the southern sky's zodiacal constellation, stretching between Sagittarius and Libra. In our latitudes, it cannot be seen in its entirety, as part of the tail does not extend above the horizon. Scorpio peaks in our country at midnight in early June. The entire constellation can be well observed from about 40 degrees north latitude and south. Scorpio is one of the few constellations whose actual shape resembles the creature it is also meant to represent. The bright stars render the body, the dangerously curved tail dipped in the clouds of the Milky Way, and the outstretched claws once "robbed" by the stars of Libra (Libra was once part of Scorpio, as documented by the names of its brighter stars). The heart is represented by the red Antares, which Sagittarius points its bow at in the sky.
|
||||
|
||||
The star pattern of Scorpio is not the work of mere coincidence. In fact, most of the constellation's bright stars belong to the vast Scorpio-Centaurus association, a movement group that also includes many of the bright stars of the Wolf or Southern Cross. Antares is the most evolved known member of this vast OB stellar association. The other members are mostly main sequence stars B0, B1, B2, B3, giants and supergiants There are also several bright and dim nebulae around Antares, which lie roughly on the northeastern boundary of this association. A number of globular clusters can also be observed in the constellation, as most globular clusters are concentrated towards the centre of the Galaxy. However, the most beautiful object in the constellation is the open cluster NGC 6231.
|
||||
|
||||
Scorpius is located in one of the richest and most visually beautiful stellar regions of the Milky Way. Viewing the constellation in binocular is worthwhile and a feast for the eyes in the form of clouds of stars, clusters and glowing nebulae. In its southern part, a prominent concentrated, central brightening spot is visible to the naked eye above G Scorpii, which is actually the very striking open cluster M7 (3.3mag). It represents one of the brightest spots in the Milky Way ever. Slightly to the north of it is another cluster, M6, which is smaller and less concentrated, looking more like a blurred star. More visually interesting, however, is the surroundings of the open cluster NGC 6231, which lies in a magnificent field of bright stars often called the False Comet.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
|
|||
---
|
||||
name: Sculptor
|
||||
created_by: skybber
|
||||
created_date: 2021-07-25 07:39:47.283278
|
||||
updated_by: skybber
|
||||
updated_date: 2021-07-25 07:39:47.283614
|
||||
---
|
||||
A faint constellation of the southern sky below the Whale and Aquarius, east of the Southern Fish. In this tiny constellation east of Fomalhaut lies the South Galactic Pole, which marks one of the two points on the axis of rotation of our Galaxy. The latter is shaped like a disk that rotates around its core, and the axis of rotation is perpendicular to the plane of the Milky Way. The points where the axis crosses the sky are called the galactic poles. The northern galactic coordinates lie in the constellation Berenice's Hair. Because we are looking into this region as if out of our Galaxy, we can see only a small number of stars in that direction; gas and dust clouds are scattered. This is also the direction we have the best view of distant space and can observe a number of extragalactic objects. In the constellation is the so-called Sculptor system, a dwarf member of our Local Group of galaxies, only 260,000 light-years away, but with too low an areal brightness to be detected in amateur telescopes. Much more favourable is the observation of members of the galaxy cluster in Sculptor, a handful of spiral galaxies just 8 million light-years away, making it probably the closest galaxy cluster to the Local Group. Sometimes referred to as the "South Galactic Pole Group", two of these galaxies, NGC 55 and NGC 253, mainly from the equatorial regions where they stand out higher on the meridian, can be detected in ordinary trier.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
|
|||
---
|
||||
name: Scutum
|
||||
created_by: skybber
|
||||
created_date: 2021-07-25 07:42:36.335796
|
||||
updated_by: skybber
|
||||
updated_date: 2021-07-25 07:42:36.335967
|
||||
---
|
||||
A small constellation just south of the celestial equator, below the border of Eagle and the tail of the Serpent, whose brightest stars only reach 4mag, but it's not hard to find - at least under a slightly dark sky. Indeed, the shield lies in a rich part of the Milky Way, on the northwestern boundary, plus it is interspersed with the dark clouds of the Great Rift and projects a very bright star cloud - a large number of distant stars that the eye cannot distinguish and perceives as just a luminous cloud. Seen from Central Europe, it is the brightest brightening ever seen in the available part of the Milky Way.
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The cloud in the Shield shows great contrast to its surroundings. It is in this region that you will notice the striking combination of bright star fields with the extremely dark dust clouds of the Great Rift located in the foreground, creating remarkable bays directly in and around the cloud. Particularly striking is the one-degree Barnard 103 nebula, lying between the α and β Scuti stars. In addition, many dark regions of dust are distributed throughout the constellation and have found their numbers in the Barnard Catalogue of Dark Nebulae. Probably the most striking complex (B103, B104, B110, B111 and B113) extends from the Great Rift into the northern parts of the constellation, and its contrast with the surrounding star field is really striking in the triad. Look for another large dark nebula over one and a half degrees long during good conditions just southeast of γ Sct, in a field crowded with faint stars (B312).
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If you look more closely, you'll definitely see that the Cloud in the Shield is irregularly shaped and not just an oval. In the sky from the north it follows the stars λ and 12 AQL, η and β Sct, then heads towards the stars ε and δ Sct, from which it rises back to λ Aql. The open cluster M11 (5.8mag) is visible directly in the cloud with the naked eye. The cloud itself looks like a lively mixture of nebulae under a dark sky, with a few just distinguishable stellar sparks glittering in it. This is a large number of distant stars that the eye cannot distinguish individually and therefore perceives only as a luminous cloud. In fact, it is a kind of window between opaque clouds of interstellar matter through which we can see a relatively large distance towards the centre of the Galaxy. For in this direction we are looking not perpendicularly, but directly along one spiral arm - the Sagittarius arm. This is the innermost of the main arms, and is wide and extensive, encircling almost the whole Galaxy before it begins to disappear.
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@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
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---
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name: Serpens
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created_by: skybber
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created_date: 2021-07-25 07:50:39.484925
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updated_by: skybber
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updated_date: 2021-07-25 07:50:39.485150
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---
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The constellation of Equator, which in summer rises in our country all above the horizon. It is the only one of the 88 constellations that is divided: it is formed by two separate parts: the Head and the Tail of the Serpent, between which lies Hades. Yet the Serpent is listed as a single constellation. The two parts of the constellation are situated around the celestial equator and at first glance might appear to be similar in many ways. However, the opposite is true. The head of the Serpent is further away from the Milky Way and is therefore rich in extragalactic objects - galaxies, but most of them are relatively faint. Of the few globular clusters, M5 stands out, competing with M13 for the title of the most beautiful globular cluster in the northern sky. The tail of the Serpent lies virtually inside the Great Rift, which divides the Milky Way into two streams. Mainly due to its dark dust clouds, this part contains fewer of the open clusters and nebulae we are used to seeing when observing constellations located in the Milky Way's rich fields. However, one object is exceptional - the Eagle Nebula, an emission complex within which lies an open cluster.
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