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@ -3,10 +3,10 @@ name: Aquila
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created_by: skybber
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created_date: 2021-06-01 19:57:14.885829
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updated_by: skybber
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updated_date: 2022-02-11 18:14:02.808301
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updated_date: 2022-02-11 18:34:30.603236
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A prominent constellation situated on the celestial equator, in the Milky Way region, divided in two by the Great Rift, lying in the sky to the south below the Cygnus, the Sagitta and the Vulpecula. The Milky Way, stretching through the northern and western parts of the constellation, is rich in stars in this region, overlaid in some places with dark clouds of gas and dust, and during summer nights it becomes a favorite walk for stargazers with triads. The brightest shining star is the blue-white star Altair, which, along with the stars Vega of the constellation Lyra and Deneb of the Cygnus, forms the Summer Landmark Triangle. The constellation contains no prominent deep-sky objects, but there are a number of fainter and smaller planets and dark nebulae, the most famous of which is the so-called Dark Spot in Eagle. This exceptionally dark dust cloud is found one and a half degrees from gamma Aquilae, the northern part of which is usually referred to in atlases as Barnard 143, the southern part being Barnard 142. In the triad it appears as a starless "E" shaped region really leaving a strong impression of an opaque substance placed between the observer and the distant stars.
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A prominent constellation situated on the celestial equator, in the Milky Way region, divided in two by the Great Rift, lying in the sky to the south below the Cygnus, the Sagitta and the Vulpecula. The Milky Way, stretching through the northern and western parts of the constellation, is rich in stars in this region, overlaid in some places with dark clouds of gas and dust, and during summer nights it becomes a favorite walk for stargazers with binoculars. The brightest shining star is the blue-white star Altair, which, along with the stars Vega of the constellation Lyra and Deneb of the Cygnus, forms the Summer Landmark Triangle. The constellation contains no prominent deep-sky objects, but there are a number of fainter and smaller planets and dark nebulae, the most famous of which is the so-called Dark Spot in Eagle. This exceptionally dark dust cloud is found one and a half degrees from gamma Aquilae, the northern part of which is usually referred to in atlases as Barnard 143, the southern part being Barnard 142. In the binocular it appears as a starless "E" shaped region really leaving a strong impression of an opaque substance placed between the observer and the distant stars.
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Visually, the Milky Way in Eagle leaves the impression that it is riddled with gas and dust clouds of the Great Rift, not equally bright in every place, containing stellar clouds, conspicuous patches of random nearby faint stars, and dark nebulae that cut into the Milky Way to form its shape . The first slight brightening is in the mainstream east of the star 23 Aql, roughly where the Milky Way crosses the level of the celestial equator. To the west of Altair, a bright elongated belt appears again, converging into the constellation of the Arrow. About 2/3 of the distance from above, it has another brightening and a circular (but less prominent) one west of the star Mu Aql.
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name: Bootes
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name: Boötes
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created_by: skybber
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created_date: 2021-06-02 18:58:29.981304
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updated_by: skybber
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updated_date: 2022-01-17 18:22:30.647405
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updated_date: 2022-02-11 18:30:50.445363
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A large constellation in the northern sky between Hercules and Virgo, resembling the shape of a kite or the letter "Y", dominated by the orange Arcturus, and flanked by the stars η, ε, γ Boot and α Coronae Borealis. The northernmost parts of the constellation are circumpolar in our latitudes. The constellation is far from the Milky Way and so contains no nebulae or open clusters. On the contrary, it is crowded with many galaxies, which are often grouped in pairs or clusters, but none of them reaches exceptional brightness. The most interesting deepsky object is the globular cluster NGC 5466, which is extremely relaxed, with a low density of stars. The northern part of the constellation contains faint stars that formed the now-defunct constellation of the Masonic Quadrant (Quadrans Murali). However, a remnant of its name can now be found only in the designation of the meteor shower Quadrantids.
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A large constellation in the northern sky between Hercules and Virgo, resembling the shape of a kite or the letter "Y", dominated by the orange Arcturus, and flanked by the stars η, ε, γ Boot and α Coronae Borealis. The northernmost parts of the constellation are circumpolar in our latitudes. The constellation is far from the Milky Way and so contains no nebulae or open clusters. On the contrary, it is crowded with many galaxies, which are often grouped in pairs or clusters, but none of them reaches exceptional brightness. The most interesting deepsky object is the globular cluster NGC 5466, which is extremely relaxed, with a low density of stars. The northern part of the constellation contains faint stars that formed the now-defunct constellation of the Quadrans Muralis. However, a remnant of its name can now be found only in the designation of the meteor shower Quadrantids.
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@ -3,8 +3,8 @@ name: Cancer
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created_by: skybber
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created_date: 2021-06-02 19:22:26.823362
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updated_by: skybber
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updated_date: 2022-02-11 17:01:37.921663
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updated_date: 2022-02-11 18:34:48.842625
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A faint constellation in the northern sky between Gemini and Leo. The inverted "Y" lies in the centre of an equilateral triangle formed by the stars Pollux, Regulus and Procyon. It is formed by the stars Altarf, Acubens, Asellus Australus, ι and χ Cancri. 2000 years ago, the Sun passed through Cancer at the time of the summer solstice, so it was the northernmost constellation of the zodiac. It currently passes through it from July 20 to August 9. However, the sign of Cancer still marks the summer solstice and the Tropic of Cancer is called the Tropic of Cancer in the northern hemisphere. At present, the Sun rises highest in the northern hemisphere at the boundary of the constellations Gemini and Taurus. Cancer is the least prominent constellation of the zodiac, with only one of its stars exceeding 4th magnitude. A moonless night is therefore a prerequisite for seeing the constellation at its best in the sky. Cancer boasts two open star clusters, some of the most beautiful in the entire sky. The brighter one is M44, located almost in the centre of the constellation. In ancient times, in 270 BC, the Greek poet Aratus called it "Praesepe". Several centuries have passed since then, when Galileo Galilei first resolved them into individual stars with a telescope in 1610. Nowadays, a simple triad will do the trick. There are also several binary stars in the constellation, and because it is further away from the Milky Way, we can find a greater number of fainter galaxies.
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A faint constellation in the northern sky between Gemini and Leo. The inverted "Y" lies in the centre of an equilateral triangle formed by the stars Pollux, Regulus and Procyon. It is formed by the stars Altarf, Acubens, Asellus Australus, ι and χ Cancri. 2000 years ago, the Sun passed through Cancer at the time of the summer solstice, so it was the northernmost constellation of the zodiac. It currently passes through it from July 20 to August 9. However, the sign of Cancer still marks the summer solstice and the Tropic of Cancer is called the Tropic of Cancer in the northern hemisphere. At present, the Sun rises highest in the northern hemisphere at the boundary of the constellations Gemini and Taurus. Cancer is the least prominent constellation of the zodiac, with only one of its stars exceeding 4th magnitude. A moonless night is therefore a prerequisite for seeing the constellation at its best in the sky. Cancer boasts two open star clusters, some of the most beautiful in the entire sky. The brighter one is M44, located almost in the centre of the constellation. In ancient times, in 270 BC, the Greek poet Aratus called it "Praesepe". Several centuries have passed since then, when Galileo Galilei first resolved them into individual stars with a telescope in 1610. Nowadays, a simple binocular will do the trick. There are also several binary stars in the constellation, and because it is further away from the Milky Way, we can find a greater number of fainter galaxies.
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@ -3,8 +3,8 @@ name: Canes venatici
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created_by: skybber
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created_date: 2021-06-03 15:38:50.824674
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updated_by: skybber
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updated_date: 2022-01-17 18:23:50.611651
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updated_date: 2022-02-11 18:30:38.180026
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A small constellation of the northern sky in a relatively barren region below the rim of the Big Dipper, between the Shepherd and the constellation Berenice's Hair. It is partly circumpolar in our latitudes, being highest in the sky during the lengthening evenings of the spring season. The Hunting Dogs are located near the galactic pole, so we see this constellation perpendicular to the Milky Way from us and therefore see far beyond our Galaxy. It should come as no surprise that the Hunting Dogs are very rich in extragalactic objects. Virtually all of the galaxies in the constellation visible in our amateur telescopes are part of one massive supercluster of galaxies, Virgo, the center of which is 60 million light-years away from us and is projected in the sky at the boundary between the constellations Virgo and Berenice's Hair. Our Local Group, which lies on the edge of this supercluster, is probably part of it. There are three groups of galaxies in the Hunting Dogs. The closest, about 20 million light-years away, is the Canes Venatici I group, which includes galaxies such as M94, M106, NGC 4214, NGC 4244, NGC 4395, and NGC 4449. Another group, Canes Venatici II, 35-40 million light-years away, includes M63, NGC 4111, NGC 4242, NGC 4490, NGC 4618, NGC 4631, and NGC 4800. The third group, Ursa Major I, 70-80 million years away, includes NGC 4145, NGC 4151, NGC 4217, and NGC 4369.
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A small constellation of the northern sky in a relatively barren region below the rim of the Big Dipper, between the Boötes and the constellation Berenice's Hair. It is partly circumpolar in our latitudes, being highest in the sky during the lengthening evenings of the spring season. The Hunting Dogs are located near the galactic pole, so we see this constellation perpendicular to the Milky Way from us and therefore see far beyond our Galaxy. It should come as no surprise that the Hunting Dogs are very rich in extragalactic objects. Virtually all of the galaxies in the constellation visible in our amateur telescopes are part of one massive supercluster of galaxies, Virgo, the center of which is 60 million light-years away from us and is projected in the sky at the boundary between the constellations Virgo and Berenice's Hair. Our Local Group, which lies on the edge of this supercluster, is probably part of it. There are three groups of galaxies in the Hunting Dogs. The closest, about 20 million light-years away, is the Canes Venatici I group, which includes galaxies such as M94, M106, NGC 4214, NGC 4244, NGC 4395, and NGC 4449. Another group, Canes Venatici II, 35-40 million light-years away, includes M63, NGC 4111, NGC 4242, NGC 4490, NGC 4618, NGC 4631, and NGC 4800. The third group, Ursa Major I, 70-80 million years away, includes NGC 4145, NGC 4151, NGC 4217, and NGC 4369.
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@ -3,9 +3,9 @@ name: Carina
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created_by: skybber
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created_date: 2021-06-06 08:40:05.845624
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updated_by: skybber
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updated_date: 2022-02-11 18:15:01.419258
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updated_date: 2022-02-11 18:35:07.098423
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Keel is the dominant constellation in the southern sky, with the entire eastern part of the constellation delving into one of the richest regions of the Milky Way, with an extensive array of deep-sky objects. Six bright open clusters can be found here in binocular alone. Three of them are real showpieces: NGC 2516 and NGC 3532 are very bright, large and contain many stars. IC 2602 is a group of other bright stars popularly known as the Southern Pleiades. The second brightest star in the sky, Canopus, and the η Carinae Nebula, the brightest region of ionized hydrogen in the Milky Way, occupy an area of four degrees in the sky. In its interior lies a very interesting 6th magnitude star, also called η Carinae. It is a pity that the constellation of the keel is practically impossible to observe from Europe.
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Of particular note here is the bright and sharply defined Milky Way cloud, which spills over into the neighbouring Southern Cross. Of all the parts of the Milky Way, it appears the most colourful - white, with a very slight tendency to a bluish hue. It is important to note that at this point our view turns directly along the axis of Sagittarius' spiral arm. You can trace its northeastern part all the way to the constellation of the Shield, where it bends again at the point of the Cloud in the Shield. However, if you look more closely you will see that while the Cloud in the Shield is only 25 degrees from the centre of the Galaxy, the star cloud in Kyle is a good 75 degrees away. The explanation is simple. The arm of Sagittarius starts from the centre of the Galaxy in the direction of the constellation of the Shield and stretches further south, while in Kyle it is already far from it, encircling the centre and disappearing in the distance behind it. While objects in Sagittarius are on average five thousand light-years away, NGC 6231 in Scorpius is already 6,000 light-years away and NGC 4755 in the Southern Cross is 8,000 light-years away. Within the star cloud itself, there are a couple of diverse subdivisions that look like dark smudges in triads over a very rich star field surrounding several of the aforementioned clusters. A truly unique sight.
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Of particular note here is the bright and sharply defined Milky Way cloud, which spills over into the neighbouring Southern Cross. Of all the parts of the Milky Way, it appears the most colourful - white, with a very slight tendency to a bluish hue. It is important to note that at this point our view turns directly along the axis of Sagittarius' spiral arm. You can trace its northeastern part all the way to the constellation of the Shield, where it bends again at the point of the Cloud in the Shield. However, if you look more closely you will see that while the Cloud in the Shield is only 25 degrees from the centre of the Galaxy, the star cloud in Kyle is a good 75 degrees away. The explanation is simple. The arm of Sagittarius starts from the centre of the Galaxy in the direction of the constellation of the Shield and stretches further south, while in Kyle it is already far from it, encircling the centre and disappearing in the distance behind it. While objects in Sagittarius are on average five thousand light-years away, NGC 6231 in Scorpius is already 6,000 light-years away and NGC 4755 in the Southern Cross is 8,000 light-years away. Within the star cloud itself, there are a couple of diverse subdivisions that look like dark smudges in binoculars over a very rich star field surrounding several of the aforementioned clusters. A truly unique sight.
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@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ name: Cassiopeia
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created_by: skybber
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created_date: 2021-06-06 08:41:35.776601
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updated_by: skybber
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updated_date: 2022-01-17 18:25:40.754961
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updated_date: 2022-02-11 18:35:27.035219
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A constellation near the North Pole, it is circumpolar in our latitudes. It's one of the constellations we can easily identify in the sky. Five bright stars form a characteristic "W" or "M" shaped constellation in the star-rich Milky Way, on the opposite side of Polaris from the Big Dipper. Cassiopeia is crossed by the autumn Milky Way and the constellation is therefore also extremely rich in open star clusters. Some are among the most beautiful in the sky, while others are only tiny groups or clusters of stars nestled in rich star fields, and are therefore not easy to discover and correctly identify. Without a detailed constellation map, we can quickly get lost in this area. The constellation is also decorated with a few nebulae, a few galaxies and a large number of colourful double and multiple stars.
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@ -13,6 +13,6 @@ We look into the constellation Cassiopeia and its surroundings in the direction
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Let's follow the course of the Milky Way in the sky. The main stream continues through Cassiopeia and cuts directly through the five bright stars of the constellation. It is very uneven, tapering off a little and losing a little intensity. It is sharply defined in the northern part, but in the south it passes very smoothly into its surroundings, and in a side view almost touches the Great Nebula in Andromeda during excellent conditions. Its brightest part is a narrow belt stretching from stars 1 and 2 Cas to stars 9 and 10 Cas. This belt is flanked on the south side by a single oval, slightly conspicuous brightening, on the edge of which lies the open cluster M52, which is not the easiest to observe with the naked eye, and is sometimes confused with a small conspicuous brightening in its neighbourhood, which is only a chance grouping of about four faint stars.
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A few brighter areas and a few darker areas are still visible in the main stream, the most striking of which is the oval bay penetrating the main pattern of the constellation to the star δ Cas. Conversely, there is a small brightening near γ Cas, and a small hazy circular patch is visible to the naked eye just off the ε Cas star. On closer inspection, the triangle of stars 52, 53 Cas and HR 657 (magnitudes 6.0 - 5.6 - 5.3) can be easily distinguished. In the southern part of the constellation, on the other hand, a large group often referred to as Stock 2 is an ideal object for the triad. It consists of about 50 stars of 9th and 10th magnitude covering an area of the sky of one degree.
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A few brighter areas and a few darker areas are still visible in the main stream, the most striking of which is the oval bay penetrating the main pattern of the constellation to the star δ Cas. Conversely, there is a small brightening near γ Cas, and a small hazy circular patch is visible to the naked eye just off the ε Cas star. On closer inspection, the triangle of stars 52, 53 Cas and HR 657 (magnitudes 6.0 - 5.6 - 5.3) can be easily distinguished. In the southern part of the constellation, on the other hand, a large group often referred to as Stock 2 is an ideal object for the binocular. It consists of about 50 stars of 9th and 10th magnitude covering an area of the sky of one degree.
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Translated with www.DeepL.com/Translator (free version)
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@ -3,9 +3,9 @@ name: Centaurus
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created_by: skybber
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created_date: 2021-06-06 08:43:12.898913
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updated_by: skybber
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updated_date: 2022-01-17 18:25:57.467788
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updated_date: 2022-02-11 18:35:44.997565
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A large, striking and object-rich constellation in the southern sky, the northern parts of which are still visible from central Europe in the spring months. The constellation's two brightest stars - α Centauri, also called Toliman or Rigil Centaurus - and β Centauri - Agena or Hadar - form the centaur's legs and are also a landmark for locating the South Celestial Pole and the Southern Cross. The latter was still part of the Centaurus in Ptolemy's time, only later becoming a separate constellation. Unfortunately, these regions are now too far south and cannot be seen from Europe. A rich Milky Way region passes through the southern part of the constellation and therefore, especially in its central and eastern part towards the Wolf Interface, we can observe several nice open clusters. By far the most famous object, however, is the impressive globular cluster Omega Centauri, the brightest in the entire sky. Also worth noting is the large and bright galaxy NGC 5128 in the center with its dark band, one of the strongest radio sources in the sky.
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South of λ Centauri lies a dark nebula, called the False Coal Bag by southern observers, at the boundary between Centaurus, the keel and the Fly. While not as conspicuous by comparison because of a few foreground stars, it is considerably larger. Its contrast to its surroundings is not quite as stark, yet it is clearly visible compared to the Milky Way. The beautiful cluster Melotte 115, which consists of many faint stars, also appears in the triad near it. Near Alpha Centauri, a complex of dark clouds called the Trench begins, dividing the Milky Way in two. It gradually grows in width and continues to the centre of the Galaxy, because the beginning of the galaxy at Alpha Centauri is further away than the other end, so it is also narrower and more sharply defined at this point.
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South of λ Centauri lies a dark nebula, called the False Coal Bag by southern observers, at the boundary between Centaurus, the keel and the Fly. While not as conspicuous by comparison because of a few foreground stars, it is considerably larger. Its contrast to its surroundings is not quite as stark, yet it is clearly visible compared to the Milky Way. The beautiful cluster Melotte 115, which consists of many faint stars, also appears in the binocular near it. Near Alpha Centauri, a complex of dark clouds called the Trench begins, dividing the Milky Way in two. It gradually grows in width and continues to the centre of the Galaxy, because the beginning of the galaxy at Alpha Centauri is further away than the other end, so it is also narrower and more sharply defined at this point.
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name: Coma berenices
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name: Coma Berenices
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created_by: skybber
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created_date: 2021-06-19 07:17:26.384790
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updated_by: skybber
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updated_date: 2022-01-17 18:27:57.110568
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updated_date: 2022-02-11 18:33:22.997795
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A faint constellation of the northern sky covering the star-poor region between Leo and the Shepherd. The constellation reflects the north pole of the Galaxy - the direction of the axis of rotation of our Galaxy, which lies in the sky near the star β Coma Berenices, and therefore we look in this direction perpendicular to the plane of the Galaxy. The Milky Way is far away, so we can expect to see a large number of distant galaxies. In addition, in the southwestern part of the constellation is the almost "unmissable" Coma-Virgo galaxy cluster, which is the heart of the local supercluster and our galactic neighborhood. It includes the so-called Coma Cluster, which brings together over 1 000 galaxies 300 to 400 million light-years away. Several of its brightest members can be well observed with a 200 mm telescope.
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A faint constellation of the northern sky covering the star-poor region between Leo and the Boötes. The constellation reflects the north pole of the Galaxy - the direction of the axis of rotation of our Galaxy, which lies in the sky near the star β Comae Berenices, and therefore we look in this direction perpendicular to the plane of the Galaxy. The Milky Way is far away, so we can expect to see a large number of distant galaxies. In addition, in the southwestern part of the constellation is the almost "unmissable" Coma-Virgo galaxy cluster, which is the heart of the local supercluster and our galactic neighborhood. It includes the so-called Coma Cluster, which brings together over 1 000 galaxies 300 to 400 million light-years away. Several of its brightest members can be well observed with a 200 mm telescope.
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Of interest to the unaided eye is the diffuse cluster around the Coma Berenices galaxy γ - Melotte 111, which contains a collection of several fifth and sixth magnitude stars scattered over an area of five degrees, making it an ideal object especially for the triad. The cluster lies only 280 light years away and is our third closest open cluster after the Big Dipper and Hyades groups. Altogether it contains 38 members up to 9.3mag over an area of twelve degrees, the brightest of which are the constellations 12, 13, 14, 16, 17, 21 and 34 Coma Berenices. Melotte 111 is 500 million years old and is not included in the Messier catalogue or the NGC.
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Of interest to the unaided eye is the diffuse cluster around the Coma Berenices galaxy γ - Melotte 111, which contains a collection of several fifth and sixth magnitude stars scattered over an area of five degrees, making it an ideal object especially for the binocular. The cluster lies only 280 light years away and is our third closest open cluster after the Big Dipper and Hyades groups. Altogether it contains 38 members up to 9.3mag over an area of twelve degrees, the brightest of which are the constellations 12, 13, 14, 16, 17, 21 and 34 Coma Berenices. Melotte 111 is 500 million years old and is not included in the Messier catalogue or the NGC.
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@ -3,9 +3,9 @@ name: Crux
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created_by: skybber
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created_date: 2021-06-19 07:24:39.338129
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updated_by: skybber
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updated_date: 2021-06-19 07:24:39.338420
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updated_date: 2022-02-11 18:36:14.482314
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The Southern Cross is the most famous constellation and symbol of the southern sky. As a separate constellation, it was probably first drawn on star charts by Portuguese seafarers in the 16th century, who needed some sort of landmark to help them locate the South Celestial Pole during their sea voyages. In areas north of the equator, the Polaris chart fulfils this function perfectly, showing almost exactly the location of the North Celestial Pole, the cardinal points and the latitude. In the southern hemisphere, however, we can no longer see the Arctic Circle and the North Celestial Pole, so we have to take a slightly different approach to orientation. We start from the conjunction of Toliman and Agent, the two brightest stars of Centaurus, which point to the true Southern Cross, thus not to be confused with the nearby False Cross, lying 45 degrees to the west. The longer arm of the Southern Cross, 4.5 times the superimposed distance of the stars α and γ Crucis, then points virtually into the starless region where the South Celestial Pole is located.
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Small and distinctive, but invisible in our latitudes, the constellation of the southern sky. The brilliant stars form a typical cross pattern captured in the southern part of Centaurus. However, because it lies in one of the most beautiful and extraordinarily rich regions of the Milky Way, it does not stand out above its surroundings. We can admire a pair of very different objects in it - with the naked eye, note the striking dark region called the Coal Sack, while in the triad, the sparkling open cluster of the Jewel Cluster around the star Kappa Crucis catches the eye.
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Small and distinctive, but invisible in our latitudes, the constellation of the southern sky. The brilliant stars form a typical cross pattern captured in the southern part of Centaurus. However, because it lies in one of the most beautiful and extraordinarily rich regions of the Milky Way, it does not stand out above its surroundings. We can admire a pair of very different objects in it - with the naked eye, note the striking dark region called the Coal Sack, while in the binocular, the sparkling open cluster of the Jewel Cluster around the star Kappa Crucis catches the eye.
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@ -3,13 +3,13 @@ name: Cygnus
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created_by: skybber
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created_date: 2021-06-19 08:02:54.697503
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updated_by: skybber
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updated_date: 2021-06-19 08:04:45.389838
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updated_date: 2022-02-11 18:36:31.714709
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The most prominent summer constellation of the richest region of the Milky Way in the Northern Hemisphere. The constellation is very striking and is sometimes called the Northern Cross because of its shape (it is made up of stars, the centre of which is marked by the star γ Cygni, with the star Deneb at the apex and the famous double star Albireo at the base. When the Swan is in the east, the cross lies on the left side. Only as it moves westward, sometime around Christmas, does the cross gradually rise. The constellation includes a large number of individual objects, both pretty to look at and astronomically interesting. Among the binaries, Albireo and 61 Cygni are particularly well known, the North American emission nebula, which with luck can be detected in small binocular, and above all the jewel of the whole sky, the Algal Nebula, which, together with the Crab Nebula, is the best observable remnant of a supernova explosion. There are also a large number of planetary nebulae and open clusters in the constellation.
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The Swan contains arguably the most visually beautiful part of the northern Milky Way. The Great Rift here, with its sharp boundaries with the starry clouds, exhibits high contrast. The most striking cloud (by far the brightest part of the Milky Way north of the celestial equator) extends in a westerly direction all the way from Albireo to the γ Cygni region and is elongated in shape. It extends about two degrees to the east of the conjunction of these two stars, and a degree farther to the west. First notice that it has a different brightness than the Cloud in the Shield - it is not as hazy and is more of a fluffy white color. In the triad, there is a very high density of stars visible in this region. The western half of the cloud contains a very bright circular brightening around Albireo, this is the most striking formation ever in this part. The eastern half of the cloud is exceptional because of the abundant excess of stars of 6mag to 10mag brightness and there is a second brightening which includes a string of bright stars 28, 36, 40 Cygni and others. In addition, there is a system of dark nebulae throughout the cloud, the most striking of which is Fish in a Bowl (Barnard 144), in the vicinity of the star η Cygni. It takes the form of a slightly curled oval in the shape of the letter S. When we look into this region, we are actually looking along the spiral arm of our Galaxy, the Orion arm. Its edge curves toward the center in the Swan, while on the other side of the sky, in the Ship's Back and in the constellation Sail, it points away from the center.
|
||||
The Swan contains arguably the most visually beautiful part of the northern Milky Way. The Great Rift here, with its sharp boundaries with the starry clouds, exhibits high contrast. The most striking cloud (by far the brightest part of the Milky Way north of the celestial equator) extends in a westerly direction all the way from Albireo to the γ Cygni region and is elongated in shape. It extends about two degrees to the east of the conjunction of these two stars, and a degree farther to the west. First notice that it has a different brightness than the Cloud in the Shield - it is not as hazy and is more of a fluffy white color. In the binocular, there is a very high density of stars visible in this region. The western half of the cloud contains a very bright circular brightening around Albireo, this is the most striking formation ever in this part. The eastern half of the cloud is exceptional because of the abundant excess of stars of 6mag to 10mag brightness and there is a second brightening which includes a string of bright stars 28, 36, 40 Cygni and others. In addition, there is a system of dark nebulae throughout the cloud, the most striking of which is Fish in a Bowl (Barnard 144), in the vicinity of the star η Cygni. It takes the form of a slightly curled oval in the shape of the letter S. When we look into this region, we are actually looking along the spiral arm of our Galaxy, the Orion arm. Its edge curves toward the center in the Swan, while on the other side of the sky, in the Ship's Back and in the constellation Sail, it points away from the center.
|
||||
|
||||
A very interesting region is that around the star Deneb. The Great Rift ends here, the two main streams of the Milky Way join each other in a rather complicated way, and the Milky Way itself continues on with only one branch. The dark region centred roughly between Deneb and Gamma Cygni is called the Northern Coal Sack (LDN 896). To the east of it is a conspicuous star cloud that lies roughly in the region between the stars ξ, 57, 59 and 68 Cygni. It includes the well-known emission nebula North America. A long and narrow, but striking black rift cuts into the cloud from the north (from the α - η Cephei junction). It includes a very dark, oval-shaped region four to six degrees wide (Le Gentil 3), visually perhaps even darker than the sky itself, and containing not a single star visible to the naked eye. It is indeed black as coal and looks like a hole in the sky. After the Southern Cross Coal Sack and the Hadonous Pipe, it is perhaps the easiest dark nebula to observe in the sky. Yet in excellent viewing spots it does not disappear from the sky even with a ten-day-old Moon, especially if the atmosphere is so clear that scattering of moonlight in the atmosphere is minimal and there is no more light pollution.
|
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|
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|
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@ -3,8 +3,8 @@ name: Lyra
|
|||
created_by: skybber
|
||||
created_date: 2021-06-29 09:40:28.546107
|
||||
updated_by: skybber
|
||||
updated_date: 2022-02-11 15:59:58.243475
|
||||
updated_date: 2022-02-11 18:36:46.157923
|
||||
---
|
||||
Lyra is a typical, distinctive constellation of the northern summer sky, located on the edge of the Milky Way, between Hercules and the Cygnus, small but all the more interesting. The constellation is quite rich in interesting and pretty objects, especially for larger telescopes. The Ring Nebula - M57 - is a typical example of planetary nebulae. The star Sheliak is a representative of the group of occulting variable stars and the star ε Lyra is again one of the most observed multiple stars ever. Also attractive binaries for small telescopes are δ and ζ Lyra. At the junction of δ1 and δ2 Lyra, you may miss the inconspicuous open cluster Stephenson 1. It is made up of a loose cluster of 15 stars that can be observed in triads. It is one of our closest open clusters, so it is part of the spiral arm of Orion. For larger telescopes, NGC 6791 is again a beautiful open cluster and a chance to observe several galaxies.
|
||||
Lyra is a typical, distinctive constellation of the northern summer sky, located on the edge of the Milky Way, between Hercules and the Cygnus, small but all the more interesting. The constellation is quite rich in interesting and pretty objects, especially for larger telescopes. The Ring Nebula - M57 - is a typical example of planetary nebulae. The star Sheliak is a representative of the group of occulting variable stars and the star ε Lyra is again one of the most observed multiple stars ever. Also attractive binaries for small telescopes are δ and ζ Lyra. At the junction of δ1 and δ2 Lyra, you may miss the inconspicuous open cluster Stephenson 1. It is made up of a loose cluster of 15 stars that can be observed in binoculars. It is one of our closest open clusters, so it is part of the spiral arm of Orion. For larger telescopes, NGC 6791 is again a beautiful open cluster and a chance to observe several galaxies.
|
||||
|
||||
|
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@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ name: Musca
|
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created_by: skybber
|
||||
created_date: 2021-06-29 13:12:26.974967
|
||||
updated_by: skybber
|
||||
updated_date: 2022-02-11 18:16:05.118542
|
||||
updated_date: 2022-02-11 18:37:02.559791
|
||||
---
|
||||
|
||||
A small constellation of the southern sky lying between the chameleons and the Southern Cross in the Milky Way, not visible from our latitudes. The constellation of the Fly is quite a striking feature, although apart from α muscae its stars do not exceed third magnitude. The star λ muscae is white and together with μ muscae, which is red, forms a contrasting pair in the triad. Of the deep-sky objects in the constellation, two globular clusters that are visible to the binocular attract attention: NGC 4372 and NGC 4833, as well as a small portion of the dark Coal Sack Nebula that extends in from the neighboring Southern Cross. To the northwest of NGC 4372, there is again an interestingly curled dark filament a little bit of a degree in size - the Dark Doodad Nebula.
|
||||
A small constellation of the southern sky lying between the chameleons and the Southern Cross in the Milky Way, not visible from our latitudes. The constellation of the Fly is quite a striking feature, although apart from α muscae its stars do not exceed third magnitude. The star λ muscae is white and together with μ muscae, which is red, forms a contrasting pair in the binocular. Of the deep-sky objects in the constellation, two globular clusters that are visible to the binocular attract attention: NGC 4372 and NGC 4833, as well as a small portion of the dark Coal Sack Nebula that extends in from the neighboring Southern Cross. To the northwest of NGC 4372, there is again an interestingly curled dark filament a little bit of a degree in size - the Dark Doodad Nebula.
|
||||
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@ -3,13 +3,13 @@ name: Ophiuchus
|
|||
created_by: skybber
|
||||
created_date: 2021-07-10 14:48:05.710581
|
||||
updated_by: skybber
|
||||
updated_date: 2022-02-11 18:16:46.353752
|
||||
updated_date: 2022-02-11 18:37:21.080053
|
||||
---
|
||||
A large equatorial constellation of the summer sky, stretching between Hercules and Scorpio. The ecliptic passes through the southern part of Ophiuchus, which is why Ophiuchus is also sometimes referred to as the "13th constellation of the animal". The Sun is here in the first half of December each year, specifically from November 30 to December 17. Ophiuchus lies almost exactly in the middle of the sky: between the north and south poles and between the spring and autumn points.
|
||||
|
||||
There are five stars of magnitude greater than three in Ophiuchus, but it's an extremely spread out and uncluttered summer constellation, but well worth exploring with a good map and at least some sort of binocular. In its northeastern part, a split branch of the summer Milky Way extends into it, while its southernmost parts delve into the rich region between Sagittarius and Scorpius, near the centre of the Galaxy. Because most globular clusters are concentrated around it, there are many - over 20 - in the constellation. Ophiuchus also contains typical Milky Way objects such as open clusters, emission and dark nebulae.
|
||||
|
||||
The most important and prominent dust complex is the large dark formation Pipe nebula (LDN 1773). Its mouthpiece is clearly visible as a roughly four-degree notch from the eastern side into a less conspicuous, but still easily visible bulge to the west of the Galactic plane. It is formed by the Barnard system of dark nebulae 77, 78, 59, 65, 66, 67 on the borders of Sagittarius, Ophiuchus and Scorpio and transforms in triads into a region virtually devoid of any bright stars. Start looking for the pipe about twelve degrees east of Antares at the line of three 3-4mag stars, the only really conspicuous ones in the area. The brightest of these - θ Ophiuchi - lies in the middle of this line. The head of the Pipe is located three degrees SSE of it, the mouthpiece extends two degrees down below θ Oph and terminates three and a half degrees southwest of 36 Ophiuchi, the westernmost star of the line. The globular cluster M19 also lies a short distance to the VSV.
|
||||
The most important and prominent dust complex is the large dark formation Pipe nebula (LDN 1773). Its mouthpiece is clearly visible as a roughly four-degree notch from the eastern side into a less conspicuous, but still easily visible bulge to the west of the Galactic plane. It is formed by the Barnard system of dark nebulae 77, 78, 59, 65, 66, 67 on the borders of Sagittarius, Ophiuchus and Scorpio and transforms in binoculars into a region virtually devoid of any bright stars. Start looking for the pipe about twelve degrees east of Antares at the line of three 3-4mag stars, the only really conspicuous ones in the area. The brightest of these - θ Ophiuchi - lies in the middle of this line. The head of the Pipe is located three degrees SSE of it, the mouthpiece extends two degrees down below θ Oph and terminates three and a half degrees southwest of 36 Ophiuchi, the westernmost star of the line. The globular cluster M19 also lies a short distance to the VSV.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
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|
|||
|
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@ -3,9 +3,9 @@ name: Perseus
|
|||
created_by: skybber
|
||||
created_date: 2021-07-11 10:25:29.069328
|
||||
updated_by: skybber
|
||||
updated_date: 2021-07-11 10:29:11.425246
|
||||
updated_date: 2022-02-11 18:37:46.059747
|
||||
---
|
||||
A prominent, in our partly circumpolar constellation of the northern sky, with four stars brighter than 3mag. It lies in the Milky Way between Charioteer and Andromeda, to the left below the Kasiopei pattern. The rich star field forms one of the spiral arms of our Galaxy, the Perseus Arm. Perseus is rich in objects typical of the Milky Way constellation, such as open star clusters and emission nebulae. But it also contains some interesting galaxies. Messier objects are represented in the open cluster M34 and the planetary nebula M76. The h / χ Perseus binary cluster - NGC 869 & NGC 884 and the triad-suitable Alpha Perseus mobile group, one of the closest open clusters to our Solar System, also catch our attention. The California Gas Nebula is also well known, although spotting it visually is not so easy for beginners.
|
||||
A prominent, in our partly circumpolar constellation of the northern sky, with four stars brighter than 3mag. It lies in the Milky Way between Charioteer and Andromeda, to the left below the Kasiopei pattern. The rich star field forms one of the spiral arms of our Galaxy, the Perseus Arm. Perseus is rich in objects typical of the Milky Way constellation, such as open star clusters and emission nebulae. But it also contains some interesting galaxies. Messier objects are represented in the open cluster M34 and the planetary nebula M76. The h / χ Perseus binary cluster - NGC 869 & NGC 884 and the binocular-suitable Alpha Perseus mobile group, one of the closest open clusters to our Solar System, also catch our attention. The California Gas Nebula is also well known, although spotting it visually is not so easy for beginners.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
The Milky Way enters the constellation as a narrow path through the stars φ, 4 and 9 Perseus. However, if you go to some of the dimmer locations where even very faint stars are visible, you'll see much more detail. To the north of the Stock 2 cluster, a narrow dark bay cuts into the Milky Way, extending all the way to the star ε Cas, which transitions into a larger circular dimming towards the east. This forms a relatively sharp nebulous outlier of the Milky Way, disappearing somewhere near a pair of unnamed fourth-magnitude stars at the boundary of Giraffe, Cassiopeia and Perseus. The main stream continues between the open cluster M34 and the open cluster Melotte 20 at α Perseus, which contains several white sparkly stars. In the triad, the cluster breaks up into a belt of several dozen stars of varying brightness that almost covers the entire field of view. The brightest of these are ε, ψ, 29, 30, 31 and 34 Perseus. A very faint edge of the oval-shaped Milky Way is still between the ζ and ε stars of Perseus and is bounded by dark nebulae.
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
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@ -3,9 +3,9 @@ name: Pisces
|
|||
created_by: skybber
|
||||
created_date: 2021-07-17 17:54:48.746398
|
||||
updated_by: skybber
|
||||
updated_date: 2021-07-17 17:56:28.282327
|
||||
updated_date: 2022-02-11 18:38:05.518047
|
||||
---
|
||||
A large, faint constellation of the zodiac lying almost entirely in the northern sky between Aries and Aquarius. On its long journey along the ecliptic, the Sun enters the constellation of Pisces on March 11 and remains there until April 17, so it is best seen in the evening sky from October to December. In the constellation south of the star ω Piscium lies the vernal point - the intersection of the ecliptic with the celestial equator. It is the point where the Sun passes through the celestial equator and heads further into the northern hemisphere. It is the time of the vernal equinox, which occurs annually around March 21. In the northern hemisphere it marks the beginning of spring, in the southern hemisphere it marks the beginning of autumn. This intersection is also the starting point of the celestial longitude coordinate - the rectangular line is calculated from it. Declination, or the equivalent of latitude, is calculated from the celestial equator. As a result of precession, the position of the spring point changes. More than 2000 years ago, this imaginary point was located in the constellation Aries.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
From the perspective of the ordinary amateur astronomer eager to see a few cosmic beauties, this constellation is not very interesting. The line of fainter V-shaped stars encircling Pegasus square in the illuminated city can only be discerned with certainty once the atmosphere has been cleared, and even under the darker skies of the countryside no deep-sky object was seen in the triad. Indeed, Pisces lies quite far from the Milky Way belt, and although it occupies a good portion of the sky, it includes only a few nice binaries, some of which are color contrast pairs. There is no shortage of faint, relatively small galaxies, some visible in ordinary 200mm binoculars as hazy patches of light, but visually uninteresting in larger amateur telescopes. The most beautiful formation of the constellation is probably the ring of seven stars of about 4th magnitude, sometimes called the Ring Ornament. It represents the head of the more southerly placed fish and consists of the stars γ, κ, λ, ι, θ, 7 and 19 Piscium. The eastern fish is marked by the stars σ to φ Piscium.
|
||||
From the perspective of the ordinary amateur astronomer eager to see a few cosmic beauties, this constellation is not very interesting. The line of fainter V-shaped stars encircling Pegasus square in the illuminated city can only be discerned with certainty once the atmosphere has been cleared, and even under the darker skies of the countryside no deep-sky object was seen in the binocular. Indeed, Pisces lies quite far from the Milky Way belt, and although it occupies a good portion of the sky, it includes only a few nice binaries, some of which are color contrast pairs. There is no shortage of faint, relatively small galaxies, some visible in ordinary 200mm binoculars as hazy patches of light, but visually uninteresting in larger amateur telescopes. The most beautiful formation of the constellation is probably the ring of seven stars of about 4th magnitude, sometimes called the Ring Ornament. It represents the head of the more southerly placed fish and consists of the stars γ, κ, λ, ι, θ, 7 and 19 Piscium. The eastern fish is marked by the stars σ to φ Piscium.
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
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@ -3,8 +3,8 @@ name: Reticulum
|
|||
created_by: skybber
|
||||
created_date: 2021-07-19 17:55:02.112427
|
||||
updated_by: skybber
|
||||
updated_date: 2021-07-19 17:55:02.112737
|
||||
updated_date: 2022-02-11 18:38:22.814719
|
||||
---
|
||||
A small, relatively prominent constellation in the southern sky, but not observable in our latitudes. The bright stars form a diamond pattern between Dove and Swordfish, close to the Great Magellanic Cloud, halfway between the bright stars Achernar and Canopus. All the brighter stars of the constellation, except α reticulata, which is yellow, are orange in colour, giving this small constellation a rather striking appearance in the triad. Otherwise, there are no interesting deep-sky objects.
|
||||
A small, relatively prominent constellation in the southern sky, but not observable in our latitudes. The bright stars form a diamond pattern between Dove and Swordfish, close to the Great Magellanic Cloud, halfway between the bright stars Achernar and Canopus. All the brighter stars of the constellation, except α reticulata, which is yellow, are orange in colour, giving this small constellation a rather striking appearance in the binocular. Otherwise, there are no interesting deep-sky objects.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -3,8 +3,8 @@ name: Sagitta
|
|||
created_by: skybber
|
||||
created_date: 2021-07-19 17:56:06.338203
|
||||
updated_by: skybber
|
||||
updated_date: 2021-07-19 17:56:06.338611
|
||||
updated_date: 2022-02-11 18:39:09.480203
|
||||
---
|
||||
The third smallest constellation in the northern sky, located in the rich Milky Way in the Summer Orientation Triangle. Although the constellation consists of only 3rd and 4th magnitude stars, it can be found immediately. It is rendered by the stars α, γ, δ, and ε Sagittae, which indeed resemble the shape of an ancient arrow, located 10 degrees SSE of Altair of Orleans. The arrow lies along the eastern branch of the summer Milky Way - between Eagle and Fox. Its star field is especially nice in triads, binars and eyepieces of telescopes with a large field of view: a wealth of 6-9mag stars are scattered in a faint faint "glow". The constellation contains one of Messier's objects, the globular cluster M71, and a few interesting variable stars. "A little bit of each roll" is also found here, along with a few clusters, emission or planetary nebulae, and binaries.
|
||||
The third smallest constellation in the northern sky, located in the rich Milky Way in the Summer Orientation Triangle. Although the constellation consists of only 3rd and 4th magnitude stars, it can be found immediately. It is rendered by the stars α, γ, δ, and ε Sagittae, which indeed resemble the shape of an ancient arrow, located 10 degrees SSE of Altair of Orleans. The arrow lies along the eastern branch of the summer Milky Way - between Eagle and Fox. Its star field is especially nice in binoculars, binars and eyepieces of telescopes with a large field of view: a wealth of 6-9mag stars are scattered in a faint faint "glow". The constellation contains one of Messier's objects, the globular cluster M71, and a few interesting variable stars. "A little bit of each roll" is also found here, along with a few clusters, emission or planetary nebulae, and binaries.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ name: Sagittarius
|
|||
created_by: skybber
|
||||
created_date: 2021-07-22 18:37:57.308352
|
||||
updated_by: skybber
|
||||
updated_date: 2021-07-22 18:49:02.262990
|
||||
updated_date: 2022-02-11 18:39:22.876582
|
||||
---
|
||||
A large and very rich in bright objects zodiac constellation in the southern sky between Scorpio and Capricornus. Especially in North America, the striking pattern of bright stars, none of which exceeds 1st magnitude, has been named "Teapot" after its shape. It consists of a group of eight stars, γ, δ, ε, ζ, τ, ρ, π and λ Sagittario. The Sun passes through Sagittarius from December 18 to January 19, at the time of the winter solstice. The best time to observe the objects of this constellation is therefore in summer. However, it lies far enough south that its southernmost parts do not come into view for us, and the very centre of the Galaxy is only a few degrees above the horizon, so we are deprived of some fantastic views.
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
@ -15,6 +15,6 @@ This is exemplified by the Milky Way's most extensive and brightest cloud ever,
|
|||
|
||||
In the immediate vicinity of the Great Cloud two conspicuous oval nebulae are visible to the naked eye - the Laguna and Trifid nebulae. One of the most interesting places in the entire Milky Way is hidden behind a very distinctive brightening in the form of the Small Cloud in Sagittarius M24. It lies in a milky region about five degrees in width, running north from the Large Cloud towards the Shield, which merges smoothly into its surroundings on the west side and contains several small dark bays on the east. M24 represents only a very small part of the structure of the spiral arm of the Ruler, which, together with the Sagittarius arm, forms the two main spiral arms of our Galaxy. It starts near the galactic center about 10,000 light-years from the Sun, rotates around, disappears behind it, and only appears after the Perseus arm.
|
||||
|
||||
M24 is more than easy to find in the sky about two degrees north of the star μ Sagittario because it is a very conspicuous object. In the triad it is seen as a hazy white region of uniform brightness and 1x2 degrees in size, from which a few faint stars stand out. It is most conspicuous and contrasted in its eastern part, and best delineated along the southeast, northeast, and northwest sides. In addition, a pair of textbook dark nebulae, Barnard 92 and 93, are located in close proximity. South of M24 lies a small but conspicuous dark smudge and a cluster of stars 15, 16 and 17 Sgr that cannot be individually resolved. The environment is finally completed by another blurred circular spot half a degree in diameter, the open cluster M25 (4.6mag).
|
||||
M24 is more than easy to find in the sky about two degrees north of the star μ Sagittario because it is a very conspicuous object. In the binocular it is seen as a hazy white region of uniform brightness and 1x2 degrees in size, from which a few faint stars stand out. It is most conspicuous and contrasted in its eastern part, and best delineated along the southeast, northeast, and northwest sides. In addition, a pair of textbook dark nebulae, Barnard 92 and 93, are located in close proximity. South of M24 lies a small but conspicuous dark smudge and a cluster of stars 15, 16 and 17 Sgr that cannot be individually resolved. The environment is finally completed by another blurred circular spot half a degree in diameter, the open cluster M25 (4.6mag).
|
||||
|
||||
The arm of Sagittarius continues southward through the constellations of Sagittarius and Scorpius to the constellation of the Ship's Keel. Most of the famous and beautiful nebulae or star clusters that can be seen in this part of the sky are therefore located in this arm. It includes a large molecular cloud, on the edges of which we observe the well-known emission nebulae M8, M16, M17 or M20, the open clusters M18, M21 or the association around NGC 6231. It also includes, for example, the star cluster NGC 6193 from the Altar, the nebula Eta Carinae from the constellation of the Ship's Keel or the Jewel Box in the Southern Cross.
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -3,11 +3,11 @@ name: Scutum
|
|||
created_by: skybber
|
||||
created_date: 2021-07-25 07:42:36.335796
|
||||
updated_by: skybber
|
||||
updated_date: 2022-02-11 15:42:59.466143
|
||||
updated_date: 2022-02-11 18:39:37.558551
|
||||
---
|
||||
A small constellation just south of the celestial equator, below the border of Aquila and the tail of the Serpent, whose brightest stars only reach 4mag, but it's not hard to find - at least under a slightly dark sky. Indeed, the shield lies in a rich part of the Milky Way, on the northwestern boundary, plus it is interspersed with the dark clouds of the Great Rift and projects a very bright star cloud - a large number of distant stars that the eye cannot distinguish and perceives as just a luminous cloud. Seen from Central Europe, it is the brightest brightening ever seen in the available part of the Milky Way.
|
||||
|
||||
The cloud in the Shield shows great contrast to its surroundings. It is in this region that you will notice the striking combination of bright star fields with the extremely dark dust clouds of the Great Rift located in the foreground, creating remarkable bays directly in and around the cloud. Particularly striking is the one-degree Barnard 103 nebula, lying between the α and β Scuti stars. In addition, many dark regions of dust are distributed throughout the constellation and have found their numbers in the Barnard Catalogue of Dark Nebulae. Probably the most striking complex (B103, B104, B110, B111 and B113) extends from the Great Rift into the northern parts of the constellation, and its contrast with the surrounding star field is really striking in the triad. Look for another large dark nebula over one and a half degrees long during good conditions just southeast of γ Sct, in a field crowded with faint stars (B312).
|
||||
The cloud in the Shield shows great contrast to its surroundings. It is in this region that you will notice the striking combination of bright star fields with the extremely dark dust clouds of the Great Rift located in the foreground, creating remarkable bays directly in and around the cloud. Particularly striking is the one-degree Barnard 103 nebula, lying between the α and β Scuti stars. In addition, many dark regions of dust are distributed throughout the constellation and have found their numbers in the Barnard Catalogue of Dark Nebulae. Probably the most striking complex (B103, B104, B110, B111 and B113) extends from the Great Rift into the northern parts of the constellation, and its contrast with the surrounding star field is really striking in the binocular. Look for another large dark nebula over one and a half degrees long during good conditions just southeast of γ Sct, in a field crowded with faint stars (B312).
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
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Reference in New Issue